Questions and Answers
What is the pathophysiology of allergic rhinitis?
Allergic rhinitis involves inflammation of nasal mucous membranes when inhaled allergenic particles contact mucous membranes, eliciting a response mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE).
What are the two types of allergic rhinitis?
IgE is the mediator that causes the symptoms of allergic rhinitis.
True
In allergic rhinitis, the size of the induration for a Mantoux test is typically ______ mm.
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Which of the following is not a common symptom of allergic rhinitis?
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What are the four types of hypersensitivity reactions?
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What mediators are involved in the immediate hypersensitivity reaction in allergic rhinitis?
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Seasonal allergic rhinitis is also known as perennial allergic rhinitis.
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What condition involves a genetic tendency to develop allergic diseases?
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What is the typical duration of a Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?
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Study Notes
Allergic Rhinitis Overview
- Inflammation of nasal mucous membranes triggered by inhaled allergenic particles in sensitized individuals.
- Two main types: Seasonal (hay fever) and Persistent (formerly perennial).
Pathophysiology
- Airborne allergens are inhaled, processed by lymphocytes, leading to production of IgE in genetically predisposed individuals.
- Re-exposure to allergens causes IgE bound to mast cells to trigger inflammatory mediator release.
- Immediate reaction occurs seconds to minutes after exposure, mediated by histamine, leukotrienes, and other substances.
- Key outcomes: Vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and nasal secretions, resulting in symptoms like sneezing and nasal obstruction.
- Late-phase reaction can occur 4 to 8 hours post-exposure, causing chronic symptoms like nasal congestion.
Hypersensitivity Types
- Type 1: Immediate hypersensitivity (IgE mediated) leading to allergic responses like anaphylaxis.
- Type 2: Cytotoxic reactions involving IgG and IgM, occurring hours to days.
- Type 3: Immune complex reactions involving deposits in blood vessels, manifesting in conditions like SLE and serum sickness.
- Type 4: Delayed hypersensitivity mediated by T-cells, with examples including nickel allergy and poison ivy.
Clinical Presentation
- Seasonal allergic rhinitis caused by exposed pollens during specific seasons, leading to acute symptoms.
- Persistent allergic rhinitis occurs year-round due to allergens like dust mites and molds, usually presenting with chronic and subtle symptoms.
- Intermittent cases last up to 4 weeks per year; symptoms can range from mild (not interfering with quality of life) to moderate/severe (affecting sleep and performance).
Symptoms
- Clear rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal congestion, postnasal drip, allergic conjunctivitis, and itching in eyes, ears, or nose.
Evaluation of Outcomes
- Therapeutic evaluation focuses on symptom frequency and severity to guide treatment decisions and monitor patient response.
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Description
This quiz covers the essential aspects of Allergic Rhinitis as part of the PHCP312 course at Our Lady of Fatima University. Students will explore the pathophysiology, key factors influencing the condition, its clinical presentation, diagnosis, and therapeutic evaluation. Enhance your understanding and prepare for evaluations with this focused quiz.
