Phase Changes and Properties of Compounds
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Questions and Answers

What determines the state of a substance?

  • Pressure and molecular shapes
  • Type of bonds and types of attractive forces
  • Boiling point and vapor pressure
  • Temperature and attractive forces (correct)
  • Why does water evaporate even if the temperature is below its boiling point?

  • High boiling point
  • Low pressure
  • Strong attractive forces
  • Vapor pressure changes with temperature (correct)
  • What happens to the boiling point of a liquid at higher altitudes?

  • It decreases (correct)
  • It becomes unpredictable
  • It increases
  • It remains the same
  • How do stronger attractive forces affect the phase change of molecules?

    <p>They lower vapor pressure and raise boiling points</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor has a direct impact on the pressure of a gas above a liquid?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property controls the phase change of a substance when the vapor pressure equals atmospheric pressure?

    <p>Vapor Pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does a pure compound with stronger attractive forces have a higher boiling point?

    <p>It requires more energy to separate the molecules due to stronger attractive forces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why does octane have a higher boiling point than pentane?

    <p>Octane has stronger London Forces than pentane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does surface area affect boiling and melting points?

    <p>More surface area increases the energy needed to separate molecules, resulting in higher melting and boiling points.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What plays a significant role in determining relative boiling points of compounds?

    <p>Surface area and molecular weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which attractive force is dominant in alkanes like pentane and octane?

    <p>London Forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of compound is likely to have a higher boiling point based on its ability to form hydrogen bonds?

    <p><strong>Polar</strong> compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of compounds have both a polar part and a non-polar part?

    <p>Amphipathic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the structure formed by amphipathic compounds in water?

    <p>Micelle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of molecules make up the cell membrane?

    <p>Phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What surrounds human cells, providing structure and regulating what enters and exits?

    <p>Cell membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What interactions cause the formation of a micelle?

    <p>Tail-tail interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of compounds have long non-polar tails making them insoluble in water?

    <p>Amphipathic compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intermolecular force contributes the most to boiling point in non-polar compounds?

    <p>London Forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If two compounds have the same molecular weight, which factor determines the boiling point?

    <p>Surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of compounds are considered hydrophobic?

    <p>Non-polar compounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of solubility, what is the general rule regarding 'like dissolves like'?

    <p>Compounds with similar attractive forces dissolve in each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of intermolecular force is responsible for the solubility of polar compounds in water?

    <p>Hydrogen Bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the dominance of hydrophobic or hydrophilic character in a molecule?

    <p>Presence of a hydrophobic part</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of attractive force is the most important in non-polar molecules?

    <p>London Forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of molecule will have stronger London Forces when compared to a smaller molecule with similar attractive forces?

    <p>A larger molecule with more electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of attractive force occurs between molecules that have a permanent dipole?

    <p>Dipole-dipole interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In hydrogen bonding, which element is usually the hydrogen bond donor?

    <p>Hydrogen (H)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of intermolecular force is an exceptionally strong form of dipole-dipole interaction?

    <p>Hydrogen bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What feature makes a molecule exhibit hydrogen bonding in addition to dipole-dipole interactions and London forces?

    <p>High electronegativity of oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine</p> Signup and view all the answers

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