Hypersensitivity Quiz
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Questions and Answers

During which phase of Type 1 hypersensitivity does sensitization occur?

  • Phase 1 (correct)
  • Phase 2
  • Phase 4
  • Phase 3

    • What is the fundamental mechanism often linked to autoimmune disease in Type 1 hypersensitivity?

  • Repeated exposure to antigen
  • Allergen in the environment
  • Immediate hypersensitivity
  • Immunological sensitization (correct)

    • Which cells differentiate into T helper 2 cells during Phase 1 of Type 1 hypersensitivity?

  • B cells
  • Naïve T cells (correct)
  • Antigen presenting cells
  • T helper 1 cells

    • What happens to B cells during Phase 1 of Type 1 hypersensitivity?

    <p>They switch from producing IgM to IgE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do mast cells and basophils bind IgE in Type 1 hypersensitivity?

    <p>Epithelium near the allergen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary type of immunoglobulin (antibody) increased in Type 1 hypersensitivity?

    <p>IgE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial route of allergen entry in Type 1 hypersensitivity?

    <p>Skin surfaces or Respiratory surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of T cells release cytokines in Type 1 hypersensitivity?

    <p>T helper 2 cells and T helper 1 cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of T helper 2 cells in Type 1 hypersensitivity?

    <p>Activate B cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the phase of Type 1 hypersensitivity where clinical expression of the hypersensitivity response occurs upon re-exposure?

    <p>Phase 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity is characterized by the rapid release of cytoplasmic granules from mast cells, leading to symptoms such as pruritis, broncho-constriction, and edema?

    <p>Type 1 hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity is mediated by antibodies that recognize antigens on a cell surface or in the space between cells?

    <p>Type 2 hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibodies are present in Type 2 hypersensitivity?

    <p>IgG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity is associated with circulating IgE and is the second most common allergy in cats?

    <p>Type 1 hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity is characterized by the activation of the classical complement pathway, leading to destruction or dysfunction of cells?

    <p>Type 2 hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibodies are present in Type 2 hypersensitivity and are bound to mast cells?

    <p>IgG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity involves antigens in the matrix between cells and impacts cellular adhesion, nutrition, and waste disposal?

    <p>Type 2 hypersensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antibodies are present in Type 2 hypersensitivity and are circulating in the blood?

    <p>IgG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity is characterized by the formation of immune complexes and subsequent tissue deposition?

    <p>Type 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity is cell-mediated and not antibody-mediated?

    <p>Type 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction in Equine Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO)?

    <p>All of the Above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sub-type of Type 3 hypersensitivity is triggered by high amounts of antigen and leads to vasculitis?

    <p>Antigen Excess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic test for Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction in tuberculosis (TB) in cattle?

    <p>Interferon Tau Measurement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction in Canine Adenovirus associated hypersensitivity?

    <p>Inflammation and edema within the cornea of the eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity is associated with the production of complement bi products that are chemotactic for neutrophils?

    <p>Type 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for Type 4 hypersensitivity reactions?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type is primarily involved in Type 4 hypersensitivity reactions?

    <p>T lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?

    <p>Atopic dermatitis in cats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of atopic dermatitis in cats?

    <p>Cutaneous lesions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are involved in Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions?

    <p>Mast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for anaphylaxis, a Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?

    <p>Epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves auto-antibodies against neuromuscular junction?

    <p>Type 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of Type 3 hypersensitivity?

    <p>Equine Recurrent Airway obstruction - RAO</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the presenting symptoms of Equine Recurrent Airway obstruction - RAO?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the treatment for Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions?

    <p>Limit allergen exposure through environment management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic test is used for Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction in tuberculosis (TB) in cattle?

    <p>Lateral skin test on the neck with avian and bovine tuberculin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the goals in the treatment of Type 4 hypersensitivity reactions?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fundamental mechanism often linked to autoimmune disease in Type 1 hypersensitivity?

    <p>The fundamental mechanism often linked to autoimmune disease in Type 1 hypersensitivity is the sensitization and immune response to repeated exposure to antigens or allergens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cells differentiate into T helper 2 cells during Phase 1 of Type 1 hypersensitivity?

    <p>Naïve T cells differentiate into T helper 2 cells during Phase 1 of Type 1 hypersensitivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial route of allergen entry in Type 1 hypersensitivity?

    <p>The initial route of allergen entry in Type 1 hypersensitivity is through respiratory or skin surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two sub-types of Type 3 hypersensitivity?

    <p>Antibody Excess and Antigen Excess</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diagnostic test for Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction in tuberculosis (TB) in cattle?

    <p>Lateral skin test on neck with intradermal injections of avian and bovine Tuberculin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment goal for Type 4 hypersensitivity reactions?

    <p>Identify and eliminate the source of antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of Equine Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO)?

    <p>Flared nostrils, tachypnoea, cough, and a heave line</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the characteristic cytokines secreted by Th1 cells in Type 1 hypersensitivity?

    <p>IFN-$\gamma$, IL-2, IL-3, TNF-$\alpha$, TNF-$\beta$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the process of Type 1 hypersensitivity upon re-exposure to the allergen.

    <p>Upon re-exposure, primed IgE coated mast cells bind to antigen of allergen, leading to the rapid release of cytoplasmic granules containing histamine, heparin, serotonin, etc. This results in clinical effects such as pruritis, broncho-constriction, and edema within 15 minutes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 hypersensitivity in terms of antibody subtype and location of antibodies?

    <p>Type 1 hypersensitivity involves IgE antibodies bound to mast cells, while Type 2 hypersensitivity involves IgG antibodies circulating in the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Type 1 Hypersensitivity

    • Sensitization occurs during the induction phase.
    • The fundamental mechanism linked to autoimmune disease is the production of IgE antibodies.
    • Naive CD4+ T cells differentiate into T helper 2 cells during Phase 1.
    • B cells differentiate into IgE-producing plasma cells during Phase 1.
    • Mast cells and basophils bind IgE on their surface.
    • The primary type of immunoglobulin increased is IgE.
    • The initial route of allergen entry is through mucosal surfaces or skin.
    • T helper 2 cells release cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-5, which stimulate B cells to produce IgE.
    • T helper 2 cells play a central role in the induction phase by stimulating B cells to produce IgE.
    • The effector phase is the phase of Type 1 hypersensitivity where clinical expression of the hypersensitivity response occurs upon re-exposure.

    Type 2 Hypersensitivity

    • Characterized by the rapid release of cytoplasmic granules from mast cells, leading to symptoms such as pruritis, broncho-constriction, and edema.
    • Mediated by antibodies that recognize antigens on a cell surface or in the space between cells.
    • Antibodies present are IgG and IgM.
    • Antibodies are bound to mast cells and circulating in the blood.

    Type 3 Hypersensitivity

    • Characterized by the formation of immune complexes and subsequent tissue deposition.
    • Characteristic feature in Equine Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO) is the presence of immune complexes in the lung.
    • Sub-type triggered by high amounts of antigen leads to vasculitis.
    • Characteristic feature in Canine Adenovirus associated hypersensitivity is the presence of immune complexes in the skin.
    • Associated with the production of complement bi-products that are chemotactic for neutrophils.

    Type 4 Hypersensitivity

    • Cell-mediated and not antibody-mediated.
    • Characterized by the activation of the classical complement pathway, leading to destruction or dysfunction of cells.
    • Diagnostic test for Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction in tuberculosis (TB) in cattle is the tuberculin test.
    • Treatment goal is to reduce tissue damage and promote healing.
    • Primarily involves T cells, specifically T helper 1 cells.

    Other

    • Atopic dermatitis in cats is a Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, and the primary symptom is pruritis.
    • Cells involved in Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions are mast cells, basophils, and T helper 2 cells.
    • Treatment for anaphylaxis, a Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, is administration of epinephrine.
    • Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction is an example of immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity.
    • Presenting symptoms of Equine Recurrent Airway obstruction - RAO include coughing, wheezing, and dyspnea.
    • Treatment for Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions is focused on reducing inflammation and tissue damage.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge about Phase 1 of Type 1 hypersensitivity, also known as the sensitization phase. Learn about the immune response, autoimmune diseases, and genetic susceptibility related to immediate hypersensitivity and allergic responses.

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