Questions and Answers
During which phase of Type 1 hypersensitivity does sensitization occur?
Phase 1
What is the fundamental mechanism often linked to autoimmune disease in Type 1 hypersensitivity?
Immunological sensitization
Which cells differentiate into T helper 2 cells during Phase 1 of Type 1 hypersensitivity?
Naïve T cells
What happens to B cells during Phase 1 of Type 1 hypersensitivity?
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Where do mast cells and basophils bind IgE in Type 1 hypersensitivity?
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What is the primary type of immunoglobulin (antibody) increased in Type 1 hypersensitivity?
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What is the initial route of allergen entry in Type 1 hypersensitivity?
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Which type of T cells release cytokines in Type 1 hypersensitivity?
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What is the role of T helper 2 cells in Type 1 hypersensitivity?
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What is the term for the phase of Type 1 hypersensitivity where clinical expression of the hypersensitivity response occurs upon re-exposure?
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Which type of hypersensitivity is characterized by the rapid release of cytoplasmic granules from mast cells, leading to symptoms such as pruritis, broncho-constriction, and edema?
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Which type of hypersensitivity is mediated by antibodies that recognize antigens on a cell surface or in the space between cells?
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Which antibodies are present in Type 2 hypersensitivity?
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Which type of hypersensitivity is associated with circulating IgE and is the second most common allergy in cats?
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Which type of hypersensitivity is characterized by the activation of the classical complement pathway, leading to destruction or dysfunction of cells?
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Which antibodies are present in Type 2 hypersensitivity and are bound to mast cells?
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Which type of hypersensitivity involves antigens in the matrix between cells and impacts cellular adhesion, nutrition, and waste disposal?
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Which antibodies are present in Type 2 hypersensitivity and are circulating in the blood?
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Which type of hypersensitivity is characterized by the formation of immune complexes and subsequent tissue deposition?
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Which type of hypersensitivity is cell-mediated and not antibody-mediated?
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What is the characteristic feature of Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction in Equine Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO)?
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Which sub-type of Type 3 hypersensitivity is triggered by high amounts of antigen and leads to vasculitis?
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What is the diagnostic test for Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction in tuberculosis (TB) in cattle?
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What is the characteristic feature of Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction in Canine Adenovirus associated hypersensitivity?
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Which type of hypersensitivity is associated with the production of complement bi products that are chemotactic for neutrophils?
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What is the treatment for Type 4 hypersensitivity reactions?
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Which cell type is primarily involved in Type 4 hypersensitivity reactions?
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Which of the following is an example of Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?
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What is the primary symptom of atopic dermatitis in cats?
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Which cells are involved in Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions?
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What is the treatment for anaphylaxis, a Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction?
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Which type of hypersensitivity reaction involves auto-antibodies against neuromuscular junction?
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Which of the following is an example of Type 3 hypersensitivity?
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What are the presenting symptoms of Equine Recurrent Airway obstruction - RAO?
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What is the treatment for Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions?
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Which diagnostic test is used for Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction in tuberculosis (TB) in cattle?
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What are the goals in the treatment of Type 4 hypersensitivity reactions?
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What is the fundamental mechanism often linked to autoimmune disease in Type 1 hypersensitivity?
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What cells differentiate into T helper 2 cells during Phase 1 of Type 1 hypersensitivity?
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What is the initial route of allergen entry in Type 1 hypersensitivity?
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What are the two sub-types of Type 3 hypersensitivity?
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What is the diagnostic test for Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction in tuberculosis (TB) in cattle?
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What is the primary treatment goal for Type 4 hypersensitivity reactions?
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What is the primary symptom of Equine Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO)?
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What are the characteristic cytokines secreted by Th1 cells in Type 1 hypersensitivity?
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Describe the process of Type 1 hypersensitivity upon re-exposure to the allergen.
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What is the difference between Type 1 and Type 2 hypersensitivity in terms of antibody subtype and location of antibodies?
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Study Notes
Type 1 Hypersensitivity
- Sensitization occurs during the induction phase.
- The fundamental mechanism linked to autoimmune disease is the production of IgE antibodies.
- Naive CD4+ T cells differentiate into T helper 2 cells during Phase 1.
- B cells differentiate into IgE-producing plasma cells during Phase 1.
- Mast cells and basophils bind IgE on their surface.
- The primary type of immunoglobulin increased is IgE.
- The initial route of allergen entry is through mucosal surfaces or skin.
- T helper 2 cells release cytokines, such as IL-4 and IL-5, which stimulate B cells to produce IgE.
- T helper 2 cells play a central role in the induction phase by stimulating B cells to produce IgE.
- The effector phase is the phase of Type 1 hypersensitivity where clinical expression of the hypersensitivity response occurs upon re-exposure.
Type 2 Hypersensitivity
- Characterized by the rapid release of cytoplasmic granules from mast cells, leading to symptoms such as pruritis, broncho-constriction, and edema.
- Mediated by antibodies that recognize antigens on a cell surface or in the space between cells.
- Antibodies present are IgG and IgM.
- Antibodies are bound to mast cells and circulating in the blood.
Type 3 Hypersensitivity
- Characterized by the formation of immune complexes and subsequent tissue deposition.
- Characteristic feature in Equine Recurrent Airway Obstruction (RAO) is the presence of immune complexes in the lung.
- Sub-type triggered by high amounts of antigen leads to vasculitis.
- Characteristic feature in Canine Adenovirus associated hypersensitivity is the presence of immune complexes in the skin.
- Associated with the production of complement bi-products that are chemotactic for neutrophils.
Type 4 Hypersensitivity
- Cell-mediated and not antibody-mediated.
- Characterized by the activation of the classical complement pathway, leading to destruction or dysfunction of cells.
- Diagnostic test for Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction in tuberculosis (TB) in cattle is the tuberculin test.
- Treatment goal is to reduce tissue damage and promote healing.
- Primarily involves T cells, specifically T helper 1 cells.
Other
- Atopic dermatitis in cats is a Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, and the primary symptom is pruritis.
- Cells involved in Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions are mast cells, basophils, and T helper 2 cells.
- Treatment for anaphylaxis, a Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction, is administration of epinephrine.
- Type 3 hypersensitivity reaction is an example of immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity.
- Presenting symptoms of Equine Recurrent Airway obstruction - RAO include coughing, wheezing, and dyspnea.
- Treatment for Type 3 hypersensitivity reactions is focused on reducing inflammation and tissue damage.
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Description
Test your knowledge about Phase 1 of Type 1 hypersensitivity, also known as the sensitization phase. Learn about the immune response, autoimmune diseases, and genetic susceptibility related to immediate hypersensitivity and allergic responses.
