T2 L4 - Face, temporal and Infratemporal Fossa
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Questions and Answers

Which muscle is responsible for lifting the eyelid?

  • Occipitofrontalis
  • Levator palpebrae superioris (correct)
  • Orbicularis oculi
  • Superior oblique

    • What structures would be affected by an inferior alveolar nerve block?

  • External ear
  • Mandibular teeth (correct)
  • Dura
  • Maxillary teeth

    • What nerves pass through the back-most fossa?

  • Glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves
  • Trigeminal and facial nerves (correct)
  • Olfactory and optic nerves
  • Hypoglossal and accessory nerves

    • What would be the result of a tumor compressing the back-most fossa?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for raising the eyebrow?

    <p>Frontalis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the email address of the lecturer?

    <p>D.O'<a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the joining code for the presentation at slido.com?

    <p>#2006314</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve provides special sensory innervation to the anterior third of the tongue?

    <p>CN VII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve provides special sensory innervation to the posterior third of the tongue?

    <p>CN IX</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve provides motor innervation to the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

    <p>CN XII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve provides motor innervation to the palatoglossus muscle?

    <p>CN X</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve exits via the jugular foramen and provides sensory innervation to the posterior one-third of the tongue and oropharynx?

    <p>CN IX</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve provides motor innervation to the stylopharyngeus muscle?

    <p>CN IX</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve provides motor innervation to the parotid gland?

    <p>CN VII</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a section of the pharynx?

    <p>Hypopharynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles of the pharynx and larynx?

    <p>Vagus nerve (CN X)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle forms the boundary between the submental and submandibular triangles?

    <p>Anterior belly of digastric</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is NOT contained within the carotid sheath?

    <p>External carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which of the anterior triangles in the neck could swelling of lymph nodes be palpated?

    <p>Muscular triangle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the posterior compartment of the neck?

    <p>Cervical plexus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which roots of the cervical plexus lie anterior to the levator scapulae muscle?

    <p>C1-C4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following arteries supplies blood to the face?

    <p>Facial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein drains the scalp, face, and neck?

    <p>External jugular vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve is responsible for motor supply to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles?

    <p>CN XI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Do veins in the head and neck have valves?

    <p>Yes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which book is ideal for diagrams and explanations?

    <p>Gray’s Anatomy for Students</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the hole in the back-most fossa?

    <p>Internal Acoustic Meatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What passes through the Internal Acoustic Meatus?

    <p>Two nerves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a tumor were to compress the Internal Acoustic Meatus, what symptoms might occur?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Accessory Nerve allow for?

    <p>Shrugging shoulders movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles of facial expression?

    <p>Facial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for elevating the labial commissure, or corner of the mouth?

    <p>Orbicularis oris muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is responsible for compressing the cheeks?

    <p>Buccinator muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for the motor innervation of the muscles of mastication?

    <p>Trigeminal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve provides motor innervation to the muscles of mastication?

    <p>Cranial nerve V</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the conchae in the nasal cavity?

    <p>To create turbulence during breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve exits through the foramen ovale and provides sensory innervation to the lower face?

    <p>Cranial nerve V3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the aesthetic appearance of the face?

    <p>The underlying bones of the facial skeleton</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve provides sensory supply to the areas around the temple?

    <p>Facial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for motor innervation of the muscles of facial expression?

    <p>Facial nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve exits via the superior orbital fissure and provides sensory supply to the eye area?

    <p>Ophthalmic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve exits via the foramen ovale and provides sensory supply to the mandible and chin?

    <p>Mandibular nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that determines how a person looks after receiving a skin and muscle transplant from a donor?

    <p>The bone structure of the recipient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of communication is believed to be nonverbal?

    <p>70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which facial muscles are responsible for conveying mood and adding expression to speech?

    <p>Orbit class auris muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the orbicularis oculi muscle?

    <p>Protecting the eye from debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the cornea and skin around the front of the head?

    <p>Frontal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is responsible for the colonial blink reflex?

    <p>Ophthalmic nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve provides sensory supply to the lower portion of the face and motor supply to the muscles of mastication?

    <p>Inferior alveolar nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles help to elevate the mandible?

    <p>Tempora, Bliss and Massata</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve provides special sensory innervation to the posterior third of the tongue?

    <p>Glossopharyngeal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures would be affected by an inferior alveolar nerve block?

    <p>Lower lip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve provides motor innervation to the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

    <p>Hypoglossal nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cranial nerve exits via the jugular foramen and provides sensory innervation to the posterior one-third of the tongue and oropharynx?

    <p>Vagus nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscles help with elevation and side to side chewing as well as protrusion and depression?

    <p>Medial terror guide and lateral tour guide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for moving the jaw forward?

    <p>Protrusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve supplies the muscles involved in jaw movements?

    <p>Mandibular nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the medial terror guide and lateral tour guide muscles supplied by?

    <p>Mandibular nerve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the medial terror guide and lateral tour guide muscles responsible for?

    <p>Elevation, side to side chewing, protrusion, and depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the movements involved in protrusion and retraction of the jaw?

    <p>Moving the jaw forward and moving the jaw backwards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Eyelid Muscles

    • Levator palpebrae superioris muscle is responsible for lifting the eyelid.

    Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block

    • Structures affected by an inferior alveolar nerve block:
      • Mandible: Lower teeth
      • Periodontal ligaments: Connective tissues surrounding the teeth
      • Gingiva: Gums of the lower teeth
      • Skin of the chin: Sensory innervation to the chin area

    Posterior Fossa

    • Nerves passing through the back-most fossa (posterior cranial fossa):

      • Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX)
      • Vagus Nerve (CN X)
      • Accessory Nerve (CN XI)
      • Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)

    • Tumor compressing the back-most fossa (posterior cranial fossa):

      • Symptoms:
        • Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing
        • Dysphonia: Difficulty speaking
        • Hoarseness: Loss of voice
        • Loss of taste sensation: Posterior one-third of the tongue
        • Muscle weakness: Neck and shoulder muscles

    Eyebrow Muscles

    • Frontalis muscle is responsible for raising the eyebrow.

    Tongue Innervation

    • Special sensory innervation:

      • Anterior two-thirds of the tongue: Facial nerve (CN VII)
      • Posterior one-third of the tongue: Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

    • Motor innervation:

      • Intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue: Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
      • Palatoglossus muscle: Vagus nerve (CN X)

    Pharynx

    • Sections of the pharynx:

      • Nasopharynx: Top portion
      • Oropharyns: Middle portion
      • Laryngopharynx: Lower portion

    • Nerve responsible for innervation of the muscles of the pharynx and larynx: Vagus nerve (CN X)

    Anterior Triangle of the Neck

    • Muscle forming the boundary between the submental and submandibular triangles: Mylohyoid muscle

    Carotid Sheath

    • Structures NOT contained within the carotid sheath:
      • Phrenic Nerve
      • Vagus Nerve
      • Brachial Plexus

    Neck Triangles and Lymph Nodes

    • Anterior triangle of the neck: Swelling of lymph nodes can be palpated in this area.

    Posterior Triangle of the Neck

    • Components NOT of the posterior compartment of the neck:
      • Sternocleidomastoid
      • Trapezius
      • Scalene Muscles

    Cervical Plexus

    • Roots of the cervical plexus lying anterior to the levator scapulae muscle: C3, C4, C5

    Facial Arteries and Veins

    • Artery supplying blood to the face: Facial Artery

    • Vein draining the scalp, face, and neck: External Jugular Vein

    Cranial Nerve XI

    • Cranial nerve responsible for motor supply to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles: Accessory nerve (CN XI)

    Neck Veins

    • Veins in the head and neck: Do NOT have valves

    Anatomical Reference Book

    • Book ideal for diagrams and explanations: Gray's Anatomy

    Posterior Fossa Details

    • Hole in the back-most fossa (posterior cranial fossa): Internal Acoustic Meatus

    • Structures passing through the Internal Acoustic Meatus:

      • Facial Nerve (CN VII)
      • Vestibulocochlear Nerve (CN VIII)

    • Tumor compressing the Internal Acoustic Meatus:

      • Symptoms:
        • Hearing loss
        • Tinnitus
        • Facial paralysis

    Accessory Nerve Function

    • Accessory nerve (CN XI): Allows for movement of the head and shoulders, neck rotation, and shoulder elevation

    Facial Expression Muscles

    • Nerve responsible for innervating the muscles of facial expression: Facial nerve (CN VII)

    • Muscle responsible for elevating the labial commissure: Levator labii superioris muscle

    • Muscle responsible for compressing the cheeks: Buccinator muscle

    Mastication Muscles

    • Nerve responsible for motor innervation of the muscles of mastication: Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

    • Cranial nerve providing motor innervation to the muscles of mastication: Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

    Nasal Conchae

    • Conchae in the nasal cavity: Increases the surface area of the nasal cavity, warms and humidifies incoming air

    Maxillary Nerve

    • Nerve exiting through the foramen ovale and providing sensory innervation to the lower face: Maxillary nerve (CN V2)

    Facial Aesthetics

    • Factor determining the aesthetic appearance of the face: Underlying bony structure

    Temporal Nerve

    • Nerve providing sensory supply to the areas around the temple: Temporal nerve (CN V3)

    Facial Nerve

    • Nerve responsible for motor innervation of the muscles of facial expression: Facial nerve (CN VII)

    Orbital Fissure

    • Nerve exiting via the superior orbital fissure and providing sensory supply to the eye area: Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1)

    Foramen Ovale

    • Nerve exiting via the foramen ovale and providing sensory supply to the mandible and chin: Mandibular nerve (CN V3)

    Skin and Muscle Transplants

    • Primary factor determining how a person looks after receiving a skin and muscle transplant: Genetics of the donor, not the recipient

    Nonverbal Communication

    • Percentage of communication believed to be nonverbal: 70-93%

    Facial Expression

    • Facial muscles responsible for conveying mood and adding expression to speech:
      • Orbicularis oculi: Closes the eyes
      • Zygomaticus major: Raises the corners of the mouth
      • Levator labii superioris: Elevates the upper lip
      • Depressor anguli oris: Lowers the corners of the mouth
      • Mentalis: Protrudes the lower lip

    Orbicularis Oculi Muscle Function

    • Orbicularis oculi muscle: Closes the eyelids, helps to protect the eye from foreign bodies, and assists in tear drainage

    Cornea and Skin Innervation

    • Nerve providing sensory innervation to the cornea and skin around the front of the head: Ophthalmic nerve (CN V1)
    • Nerve responsible for the blink reflex: Facial nerve (CN VII)

    Mandibular Nerve

    • Nerve providing sensory supply to the lower portion of the face and motor supply to the muscles of mastication: Mandibular nerve (CN V3)

    Muscles Elevating the Mandible

    • Muscles helping to elevate the mandible:
      • Masseter
      • Temporalis
      • Medial pterygoid

    Senses of the Tongue

    • Cranial nerve providing special sensory innervation to the posterior third of the tongue: Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

    Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block

    • Structures affected by an inferior alveolar nerve block:
      • Mandible: Lower teeth
      • Periodontal ligaments: Connective tissues surrounding the teeth
      • Gingiva: Gums of the lower teeth
      • Skin of the chin: Sensory innervation to the chin area

    Tongue Muscles Innervation

    • Cranial nerve providing motor innervation to the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles of the tongue: Hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

    Posterior Tongue and Oropharynx Innervation

    • Cranial nerve exiting via the jugular foramen and providing sensory innervation to the posterior one-third of the tongue and oropharynx: Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX)

    Jaw Movements

    • Muscles helping with elevation and side-to-side chewing as well as protrusion and depression:

      • Masseter
      • Temporalis
      • Medial pterygoid
      • Lateral pterygoid

    • Term for moving the jaw forward: Protrusion

    • Nerve supplying the muscles involved in jaw movements: Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

    • Medial and lateral pterygoid muscles supplied by: Mandibular nerve (CN V3)

    • Medial and lateral pterygoid muscles responsible for:

      • Elevation of the mandible: Medial pterygoid
      • Protrusion of the mandible: Lateral pterygoid
      • Side-to-side chewing (lateral excursion): Lateral pterygoid

    • Movements involved in protrusion and retraction of the jaw:

      • Protrusion: Lateral pterygoid muscles pull the mandible forward
      • Retraction: Temporalis and masseter muscles pull the mandible backward

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