Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a result of persistence of remnants of the ultimopharyngeal body?
Which of the following is a result of persistence of remnants of the ultimopharyngeal body?
- Abnormal Number Of Parathyroid Glands
- Piriform Sinus Fistula (correct)
- Branchial Fistulas
- Accessory Thymic Tissue
Where are lateral cervical cysts usually found?
Where are lateral cervical cysts usually found?
- On the median plane of the neck anterior to the laryngeal cartilages
- In the tonsillar region
- At the base of the tongue
- On the lateral aspect of the neck directly anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle (correct)
What is a common feature of external cervical sinuses?
What is a common feature of external cervical sinuses?
- They are often detected during infancy due to difficulty in swallowing
- They typically open along the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
- They are commonly found at the base of the tongue
- They are usually bilateral and commonly associated with auricular sinuses (correct)
What causes the formation of a thyroglossal fistula?
What causes the formation of a thyroglossal fistula?
In which region does an internal branchial fistula usually open?
In which region does an internal branchial fistula usually open?
What is common in Treacher Collins Syndrome?
What is common in Treacher Collins Syndrome?
What is a characteristic feature of Pierre Robin Syndrome?
What is a characteristic feature of Pierre Robin Syndrome?
What is a result of disruption of crest cell development?
What is a result of disruption of crest cell development?
Where may a thyroglossal cyst be found?
Where may a thyroglossal cyst be found?
What results from insufficient migration of neural crest cells into the first arch during the fourth week?
What results from insufficient migration of neural crest cells into the first arch during the fourth week?
What can lead to Pierre Robin Syndrome?
What can lead to Pierre Robin Syndrome?
What is typical in an isolated mass of thymic tissue persisting in the neck?
What is typical in an isolated mass of thymic tissue persisting in the neck?
Which of the following is true about thymic tissue?
Which of the following is true about thymic tissue?
Where are the inferior parathyroid glands sometimes found?
Where are the inferior parathyroid glands sometimes found?
What is a common site for ectopic thyroid tissue?
What is a common site for ectopic thyroid tissue?
Which statement about ectopic parathyroid glands is true?
Which statement about ectopic parathyroid glands is true?
Why are accessory glands or remnants of tissue found along the pathway of pouches?
Why are accessory glands or remnants of tissue found along the pathway of pouches?
What is true about the migration of glandular tissue derived from pouches?
What is true about the migration of glandular tissue derived from pouches?
Where can inferior parathyroid glands be more variable in position than superior ones?
Where can inferior parathyroid glands be more variable in position than superior ones?
What is a common location for thymic tissue to persist?
What is a common location for thymic tissue to persist?
What is the initiating defect in DiGeorge Syndrome?
What is the initiating defect in DiGeorge Syndrome?
Which defect is characterized by congenital hypoparathyroidism and increased susceptibility to infections?
Which defect is characterized by congenital hypoparathyroidism and increased susceptibility to infections?
What results from the breakdown in signaling between pharyngeal endoderm and adjacent neural crest cells?
What results from the breakdown in signaling between pharyngeal endoderm and adjacent neural crest cells?
What is a common birth defect of the mouth in DiGeorge Syndrome?
What is a common birth defect of the mouth in DiGeorge Syndrome?
Which condition is a result of a failure of the 3rd & 4th branchial pouches to develop into the thymus and parathyroid?
Which condition is a result of a failure of the 3rd & 4th branchial pouches to develop into the thymus and parathyroid?
What is characteristic of ectopic glandular tissue found in DiGeorge Syndrome?
What is characteristic of ectopic glandular tissue found in DiGeorge Syndrome?
What causes the formation of a thyroglossal fistula?
What causes the formation of a thyroglossal fistula?
What can lead to Pierre Robin Syndrome?
What can lead to Pierre Robin Syndrome?
Where are lateral cervical cysts usually found?
Where are lateral cervical cysts usually found?
What is common in Treacher Collins Syndrome?
What is common in Treacher Collins Syndrome?
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Study Notes
Developmental Anomalies and Conditions
- Persistence of remnants of the ultimopharyngeal body can result in abnormal tissue formations in the neck, such as lateral cervical cysts.
- Lateral cervical cysts are typically located along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the neck.
- External cervical sinuses usually present as small openings or tracts on the surface of the skin, often near the midline of the neck.
- Formation of a thyroglossal fistula arises from improper closure of the thyroglossal duct during embryonic development.
Fistulas and Cysts
- Internal branchial fistulas generally open into the oropharynx or the lower airway, resulting from persistent pharyngeal arches.
- Thyroglossal cysts can be found anywhere along the path of the thyroglossal duct, most commonly in the midline of the neck.
- Disruption in neural crest cell development can lead to various craniofacial defects and syndromes.
Syndromes and Their Features
- Treacher Collins Syndrome is characterized by facial abnormalities, specifically mandibular hypoplasia and malformations in the ears.
- Pierre Robin Syndrome commonly features micrognathia (small jaw), glossoptosis (downward displacement of the tongue), and cleft palate.
Thymus and Parathyroid Glands
- Thymic tissue can occasionally persist in the neck as an isolated mass, often near the sternum.
- Ectopic thyroid tissue is frequently found in the midline of the neck, sometimes mistaken for a goiter.
- Inferior parathyroid glands may sometimes be located in atypical positions compared to the superior parathyroid glands, often found lower in the neck or in the mediastinum.
Major Defects and Disorders
- DiGeorge Syndrome is initiated by the failure of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches to develop, impacting thymus and parathyroid formation.
- Congenital hypoparathyroidism and increased susceptibility to infections are characteristic of DiGeorge Syndrome due to deficient parathyroid function.
- Breakdowns in signaling between the pharyngeal endoderm and adjacent neural crest cells can lead to various defects, including congenital heart disorders.
General Notes
- Accessory glands or remnants of glandular tissue are often found along the pathways of pouches due to incomplete regression or aberrant development during embryogenesis.
- Migration of glandular tissue derived from pharyngeal pouches is crucial for proper gland placement and function, with any errors leading to ectopic conditions.
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