Pharyngeal Region Developmental Disorders Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is a result of persistence of remnants of the ultimopharyngeal body?

  • Abnormal Number Of Parathyroid Glands
  • Piriform Sinus Fistula (correct)
  • Branchial Fistulas
  • Accessory Thymic Tissue
  • Where are lateral cervical cysts usually found?

  • On the median plane of the neck anterior to the laryngeal cartilages
  • In the tonsillar region
  • At the base of the tongue
  • On the lateral aspect of the neck directly anterior to the sternocleidomastoid muscle (correct)
  • What is a common feature of external cervical sinuses?

  • They are often detected during infancy due to difficulty in swallowing
  • They typically open along the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle
  • They are commonly found at the base of the tongue
  • They are usually bilateral and commonly associated with auricular sinuses (correct)
  • What causes the formation of a thyroglossal fistula?

    <p>Rupture of a cyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which region does an internal branchial fistula usually open?

    <p>In the tonsillar region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is common in Treacher Collins Syndrome?

    <p>Cleft palate and defects of the eyes and ears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of Pierre Robin Syndrome?

    <p>Triad of micrognathia, cleft palate, and glossoptosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a result of disruption of crest cell development?

    <p>(Mandibulofacial Dysostosis) Treacher Collins Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where may a thyroglossal cyst be found?

    <p>(Median Plane Of The Neck Just Inferior To The Hyoid Bone)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from insufficient migration of neural crest cells into the first arch during the fourth week?

    <p>(First Arch Syndrome) Various Birth Defects Of The Eyes, Ears, Mandible, And Palate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to Pierre Robin Syndrome?

    <p>Environmental factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typical in an isolated mass of thymic tissue persisting in the neck?

    <p>(Accessory Thymic Tissue)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about thymic tissue?

    <p>It may remain in the neck due to migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the inferior parathyroid glands sometimes found?

    <p>At the bifurcation of the common carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common site for ectopic thyroid tissue?

    <p>Near or within the thyroid gland or thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about ectopic parathyroid glands is true?

    <p>They can be found near or within the thyroid gland or thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are accessory glands or remnants of tissue found along the pathway of pouches?

    <p>Due to normal migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the migration of glandular tissue derived from pouches?

    <p>It undergoes migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can inferior parathyroid glands be more variable in position than superior ones?

    <p>At the bifurcation of the common carotid artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common location for thymic tissue to persist?

    <p>In the neck region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initiating defect in DiGeorge Syndrome?

    <p>Small mandible (micrognathia)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which defect is characterized by congenital hypoparathyroidism and increased susceptibility to infections?

    <p>DiGeorge Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What results from the breakdown in signaling between pharyngeal endoderm and adjacent neural crest cells?

    <p>Ectopic glandular tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common birth defect of the mouth in DiGeorge Syndrome?

    <p>Shortened philtrum of upper lip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is a result of a failure of the 3rd & 4th branchial pouches to develop into the thymus and parathyroid?

    <p>DiGeorge Syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is characteristic of ectopic glandular tissue found in DiGeorge Syndrome?

    <p>Congenital hypoparathyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes the formation of a thyroglossal fistula?

    <p>Persistence of remnants of the ultimopharyngeal body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to Pierre Robin Syndrome?

    <p>Insufficient migration of neural crest cells into the first arch during the fourth week</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are lateral cervical cysts usually found?

    <p>Lateral neck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is common in Treacher Collins Syndrome?

    <p>Birth defects of the mouth (shortened philtrum of upper lip)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Developmental Anomalies and Conditions

    • Persistence of remnants of the ultimopharyngeal body can result in abnormal tissue formations in the neck, such as lateral cervical cysts.
    • Lateral cervical cysts are typically located along the anterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle in the neck.
    • External cervical sinuses usually present as small openings or tracts on the surface of the skin, often near the midline of the neck.
    • Formation of a thyroglossal fistula arises from improper closure of the thyroglossal duct during embryonic development.

    Fistulas and Cysts

    • Internal branchial fistulas generally open into the oropharynx or the lower airway, resulting from persistent pharyngeal arches.
    • Thyroglossal cysts can be found anywhere along the path of the thyroglossal duct, most commonly in the midline of the neck.
    • Disruption in neural crest cell development can lead to various craniofacial defects and syndromes.

    Syndromes and Their Features

    • Treacher Collins Syndrome is characterized by facial abnormalities, specifically mandibular hypoplasia and malformations in the ears.
    • Pierre Robin Syndrome commonly features micrognathia (small jaw), glossoptosis (downward displacement of the tongue), and cleft palate.

    Thymus and Parathyroid Glands

    • Thymic tissue can occasionally persist in the neck as an isolated mass, often near the sternum.
    • Ectopic thyroid tissue is frequently found in the midline of the neck, sometimes mistaken for a goiter.
    • Inferior parathyroid glands may sometimes be located in atypical positions compared to the superior parathyroid glands, often found lower in the neck or in the mediastinum.

    Major Defects and Disorders

    • DiGeorge Syndrome is initiated by the failure of the third and fourth pharyngeal pouches to develop, impacting thymus and parathyroid formation.
    • Congenital hypoparathyroidism and increased susceptibility to infections are characteristic of DiGeorge Syndrome due to deficient parathyroid function.
    • Breakdowns in signaling between the pharyngeal endoderm and adjacent neural crest cells can lead to various defects, including congenital heart disorders.

    General Notes

    • Accessory glands or remnants of glandular tissue are often found along the pathways of pouches due to incomplete regression or aberrant development during embryogenesis.
    • Migration of glandular tissue derived from pharyngeal pouches is crucial for proper gland placement and function, with any errors leading to ectopic conditions.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of the developmental disorders involving the pharyngeal region with this quiz. Learn about ectopic thymic and parathyroid tissue, and understand glandular tissue migration and persistence.

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