History and Organization of US Healthcare System
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Questions and Answers

What is the main educational requirement for pharmacists prior to 1932?

  • Doctor of Pharmacy degree
  • Clinical training
  • Five years of study for Bachelors degree
  • High school graduation (correct)
  • When did the Doctor of Pharmacy become the only professional degree?

  • In the 1960s
  • In the 1930s
  • Before 1932
  • In 2004 (correct)
  • Who are the two individuals at the heart of the educational reform in pharmaceutical care?

  • Dr. Linda Strand & John Smith
  • Dr. Charles D. Hepler & Dr. Linda Strand (correct)
  • Upton Sinclair & Dr. Hepler
  • Dr. Charles D. Hepler & Dr. John Doe
  • What act was created in 1906 as a response to concerns about medication safety?

    <p>Pure Food and Drug Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was required by the Pure Food and Drug Act in relation to medications?

    <p>Drug must not be misbranded</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the educational requirements for pharmacists change to in the 1960s?

    <p>Five years of study for Bachelors degree</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pharmaceutical care defined as?

    <p>The relationship between a patient and a pharmacist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which profession requires more clinical training according to the text?

    <p>Pharmacists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key regulation around the practice of pharmacy became established with many important regulations as amendments to it?

    <p>Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act established Prescription ('Legend') drugs and Over-the-Counter Drugs?

    <p>Durham-Humphrey Amendment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What act encouraged the manufacture of generic drugs by the pharmaceutical industry and established the modern system of government generic drug policy?

    <p>Hatch-Waxman Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act provided a government subsidy to stimulate hospital growth and assisted in constructing nearly 40% of the beds in the nation’s short-stay general hospitals?

    <p>Hill-Burton Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which act passed in response to the Thalidomide disaster required drugs to be both safe and effective?

    <p>Kefauver-Harris Amendment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was regulated and taxed by the Harrison Narcotics Tax Act?

    <p>Production of opiates and coca products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act put in place to ensure about drug products in interstate commerce?

    <p>They were safe for patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major factor increased the U.S. hospital beds significantly through government subsidy?

    <p>The Hill-Burton Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the services that pharmacists could provide under the proposed programs?

    <p>Medication therapy reviews for all patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How could payments for pharmacist-provided patient care services be structured?

    <p>Based on pay-for-performance programs and specific measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the Pharmacy Principles for Health Care Reform aim to do in relation to patient access to medications?

    <p>Ensure access to well-trained pharmacists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the Pharmacy Principles suggest allowing patients to choose their provider?

    <p>Allowing choice within their prescription plan coverage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which year were the Pharmacy Principles for Health Care Reform adopted?

    <p>2008</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the proposed methods to assure patient access to needed medications?

    <p>Establishing a comprehensive federal health professions workforce strategy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of professionals are suggested to meet the specific health care needs of patients?

    <p>Well-educated and trained pharmacists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the proposed ways to structure payments for pharmacist-provided services?

    <p>Connecting payments to specific evidence-based measures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of insurance program was established in 1965 by the Social Security Amendments?

    <p>Medicare</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of Medicare covers inpatient, skilled nursing, home health, and hospice care?

    <p>Part A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year was the Medicare Modernization Act established?

    <p>2003</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of insurance program involves a combination of federal and state-level funding and is administered by the state for financially challenged families?

    <p>Medicaid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which entity provided tax breaks to employers offering health insurance during and after World War II?

    <p>Government</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did the emergence of prepaid health services lead to in 1929 at Baylor Univ.?

    <p>&quot;Blue Cross&quot; to cover hospital costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Alternative to Parts A, B, and sometimes D' refers to what within Medicare?

    <p>Part C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of Medicare covers outpatient services, including durable medical equipment?

    <p>&quot;Part B&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theory advocated for isolation and quarantine of the sick in the 1800s?

    <p>Contagion Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who championed the Germ Theory of Disease in the 1860s?

    <p>Pasteur and Lister</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of pharmacy, what became a 'retailer' of prepared medications?

    <p>Pharmacist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did aseptic technique in hospitals lead to?

    <p>Decreased disease spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Health Care System Wars, what was the benefit of prompt medical attention in a military field hospital?

    <p>Saving lives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Practitioners advocate for after wartime experiences, especially during the Civil War and World Wars I and II?

    <p>More hospitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Counter prescribing' by pharmacists involved prescribing what substances in prepared medications?

    <p>Cocaine and opium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Home remedies' were primarily used by which group for healthcare during historical periods?

    <p>Working class citizens</p> Signup and view all the answers

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