Podcast
Questions and Answers
What defines powders in pharmaceutical compounding?
What defines powders in pharmaceutical compounding?
- Homogeneous mixtures of large particles
- Mixtures of solid and liquid forms
- Only crystalline forms of medication
- Intimate mixtures of finely divided drug or drug and excipient (correct)
What is a key advantage of small particle size in powders?
What is a key advantage of small particle size in powders?
- Increased bulk volume
- Reduced surface area
- Less uniform blending
- Faster dissolution and better suspendability (correct)
Which method is NOT commonly used for determining particle size?
Which method is NOT commonly used for determining particle size?
- Sieving
- Microscopy
- Light scattering
- Chemical reaction (correct)
Why is homogeneity important in powder formulations?
Why is homogeneity important in powder formulations?
What does micromeritics study specifically involve?
What does micromeritics study specifically involve?
How is the Angle of repose measured?
How is the Angle of repose measured?
Which property is NOT associated with micromeritics?
Which property is NOT associated with micromeritics?
What is a common use for powders in pharmaceuticals?
What is a common use for powders in pharmaceuticals?
What is the primary benefit of using divided powders in medication for young children or the elderly?
What is the primary benefit of using divided powders in medication for young children or the elderly?
What is the primary purpose of the soluble diluent in divided powders?
What is the primary purpose of the soluble diluent in divided powders?
Which of the following describes the process of creating granules?
Which of the following describes the process of creating granules?
Effervescent granules are typically made by combining which two types of granules?
Effervescent granules are typically made by combining which two types of granules?
For which type of medication is a bulk powder commonly used?
For which type of medication is a bulk powder commonly used?
How are granules typically utilized in pharmaceutical preparations?
How are granules typically utilized in pharmaceutical preparations?
Why might a patient like Paige Turner prefer a powdered medication for travel?
Why might a patient like Paige Turner prefer a powdered medication for travel?
What main advantage do granules have over fine powders in pharmaceutical applications?
What main advantage do granules have over fine powders in pharmaceutical applications?
What is the primary function of aluminum hydroxide in the compounded powder?
What is the primary function of aluminum hydroxide in the compounded powder?
What is the procedure for mixing magnesium and aluminum hydroxides?
What is the procedure for mixing magnesium and aluminum hydroxides?
Which ingredient in the formula serves as a flavoring agent?
Which ingredient in the formula serves as a flavoring agent?
How much calcium carbonate is used in the final preparation?
How much calcium carbonate is used in the final preparation?
What is the recommended dosage instruction for the prepared powder?
What is the recommended dosage instruction for the prepared powder?
What does Gene Poole's medication history indicate about his past treatments?
What does Gene Poole's medication history indicate about his past treatments?
What is the purpose of measuring the weight of the powder after mixing?
What is the purpose of measuring the weight of the powder after mixing?
What common condition is Gene Poole experiencing?
What common condition is Gene Poole experiencing?
What is the purpose of Mercaptopurine in the prescription?
What is the purpose of Mercaptopurine in the prescription?
How many total milligrams of lactose are needed as a filler based on the calculations provided?
How many total milligrams of lactose are needed as a filler based on the calculations provided?
Using the Mosteller equation, what is the total body surface area (SA) in square meters calculated from the given height and weight?
Using the Mosteller equation, what is the total body surface area (SA) in square meters calculated from the given height and weight?
If each dose of Mercaptopurine is 22.5 mg, how many doses are required to reach a total of 337.5 mg?
If each dose of Mercaptopurine is 22.5 mg, how many doses are required to reach a total of 337.5 mg?
If one tablet of Mercaptopurine weighs 283 mg, what is the total weight of the tablets needed for 15 doses?
If one tablet of Mercaptopurine weighs 283 mg, what is the total weight of the tablets needed for 15 doses?
What is the main function of benzocaine in the prescription?
What is the main function of benzocaine in the prescription?
What is the total weight of the formulation after combining all ingredients?
What is the total weight of the formulation after combining all ingredients?
Which ingredient serves as an antipuritic in the formulation?
Which ingredient serves as an antipuritic in the formulation?
How is the salicylic acid intended to function in the preparation?
How is the salicylic acid intended to function in the preparation?
What is the purpose of using talc in the formulation?
What is the purpose of using talc in the formulation?
In the preparation process, how is the methyl salicylate incorporated?
In the preparation process, how is the methyl salicylate incorporated?
What age group is Leah Tarde, who requires a specific medication preparation?
What age group is Leah Tarde, who requires a specific medication preparation?
What is the role of ondansetron in Leah's treatment plan?
What is the role of ondansetron in Leah's treatment plan?
Study Notes
Introduction
- Powders are intimate mixtures of finely divided drug or drug and excipient for either internal or external use
- Powders are used to prepare other dose forms such as tablets, capsules, suspensions, etc.
Micromeritics
- Science of properties of small particles
- Particle size, distribution, and shape are important considerations
- Explains properties like angle of repose, porosity, true and bulk volume, tapped and apparent density
Particle Size & Shape
- Small particle size is associated with a larger surface area, faster dissolution, and better suspendability
- Particles of similar shape and size tend to blend more uniformly for more homogeneous mixtures
- Homogeneity is very important for many dose forms
Angle of Repose
- Measurement of the angle formed when a powder is allowed to flow freely from a funnel onto a surface
- Calculated using the tangent of the angle, which is equal to the height of the powder pile divided by the radius of the base
- Important for understanding powder flowability and how it will behave during manufacturing
Divided Powders
- Extemporaneous dose form used for medications for young children or the elderly
- Single dose of powdered medication is wrapped in paper or foil-plastic laminates for accurate dosing
- Used for potent drugs
Granulations
- Coarse particles made by blending powders and then moistening to form a pasty mass
- Mass is then passed through a sieve to form granules which are allowed to air dry
- Used in the preparation of tablets and sometimes capsules
- Can also be used in bulk preparations for non-potent drugs, measured by the spoonful and dissolved or dispersed in water or juice
Effervescent Granules
- Mixture of granules made with citric and tartaric acids (1:2) with granules made with sodium bicarbonate
- More common to see them pressed into effervescent tablets
Case Studies:
- Example prescriptions include bulk powders, dusting powders, and powder papers
- Case 1: Paige Turner is a 63-year-old woman who wants a more "packable" antacid powder for travel
- Case 2: Gene Poole is a 16-year-old male with athlete's foot who needs a foot powder
- Case 3: Leah Tarde is a 3-year-old girl with acute lymphoblastic leukemia who requires powdered medicine that can be mixed with soft foods
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Description
This quiz focuses on the properties of powders used in pharmaceuticals, including micromeritics, particle size, and shape. It also explores concepts like the angle of repose and the impact of these factors on drug formulation and effectiveness. Test your knowledge on the science of small particles and their applications in various dose forms.
