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Questions and Answers
What year was the injectable polio vaccine developed by Jonas Salk?
What year was the injectable polio vaccine developed by Jonas Salk?
The first college of pharmacy was founded in the United States in 1820.
The first college of pharmacy was founded in the United States in 1820.
False
What significant event regarding prescription medicine occurred in 1948?
What significant event regarding prescription medicine occurred in 1948?
The National Health Service made prescription medicine available to all.
Merck Sharp & Dohme introduced the first Hepatitis B vaccine in the year ______.
Merck Sharp & Dohme introduced the first Hepatitis B vaccine in the year ______.
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Which drug was the first approved medication to help treat HIV/AIDS?
Which drug was the first approved medication to help treat HIV/AIDS?
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Match the following years with their corresponding events:
Match the following years with their corresponding events:
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Adrenoceptors were first divided into α- and β-adrenoceptor subtypes in 1964.
Adrenoceptors were first divided into α- and β-adrenoceptor subtypes in 1964.
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What important change occurred in drug development in 2001?
What important change occurred in drug development in 2001?
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What role does the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries of London play today?
What role does the Worshipful Society of Apothecaries of London play today?
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The General Medical Council was established in 1858 to enhance the significance of the Society of Apothecaries in medical training.
The General Medical Council was established in 1858 to enhance the significance of the Society of Apothecaries in medical training.
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What are trained dispensers known as today?
What are trained dispensers known as today?
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In the mid-19th century, 'pure' scientific chemists had their own __________.
In the mid-19th century, 'pure' scientific chemists had their own __________.
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Match the terms with their descriptions:
Match the terms with their descriptions:
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Which of the following roles did non-professionally trained dispensers NOT typically fulfill?
Which of the following roles did non-professionally trained dispensers NOT typically fulfill?
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The term 'Chymist' is more commonly used today than 'Chemist.'
The term 'Chymist' is more commonly used today than 'Chemist.'
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The Society of Apothecaries began offering an assistants' examination in __________.
The Society of Apothecaries began offering an assistants' examination in __________.
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What is the primary purpose of the Pharmacopoeia Internationalis published by the WHO?
What is the primary purpose of the Pharmacopoeia Internationalis published by the WHO?
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The American Pharmaceutical Association was established in 1841.
The American Pharmaceutical Association was established in 1841.
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What is the motto of the Pharmaceutical Society of Ghana?
What is the motto of the Pharmaceutical Society of Ghana?
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The ________ regulates the pharmacy profession in Ghana.
The ________ regulates the pharmacy profession in Ghana.
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Which organization was founded in 1910 for global pharmacy advancement?
Which organization was founded in 1910 for global pharmacy advancement?
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In Ghana, the first pharmacy training school was established in 1897.
In Ghana, the first pharmacy training school was established in 1897.
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Who was responsible for training local personnel in dispensing at the hospital in Accra in 1923?
Who was responsible for training local personnel in dispensing at the hospital in Accra in 1923?
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Match the following organizations with their descriptions:
Match the following organizations with their descriptions:
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What year did the Kumasi College of Technology become Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology?
What year did the Kumasi College of Technology become Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology?
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The first batch of undergraduate pharmacists at KNUST graduated in June 1964.
The first batch of undergraduate pharmacists at KNUST graduated in June 1964.
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What was the duration of the original pharmacy course before it was changed to four years?
What was the duration of the original pharmacy course before it was changed to four years?
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After graduation, a pharmacist must complete a _______ internship to qualify.
After graduation, a pharmacist must complete a _______ internship to qualify.
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Which subject was NOT part of the BPharm part one curriculum?
Which subject was NOT part of the BPharm part one curriculum?
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The diploma course for pharmacy technologists was still ongoing by 1974.
The diploma course for pharmacy technologists was still ongoing by 1974.
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Who was the first dean of the School of Pharmacy when it became a faculty?
Who was the first dean of the School of Pharmacy when it became a faculty?
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What degree is now primarily required for pharmacists in the United States?
What degree is now primarily required for pharmacists in the United States?
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The University of Southern California was the first school to offer the Doctor of Pharmacy degree.
The University of Southern California was the first school to offer the Doctor of Pharmacy degree.
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What subjects are included in the basic five-year curriculum for pharmacy in the United States?
What subjects are included in the basic five-year curriculum for pharmacy in the United States?
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Before 2006, pharmacists in the United States were licensed after completing a five-year accredited ________ degree program.
Before 2006, pharmacists in the United States were licensed after completing a five-year accredited ________ degree program.
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Match the following organizations or terms with their roles:
Match the following organizations or terms with their roles:
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Which of the following is NOT an area of training provided in pharmacy education?
Which of the following is NOT an area of training provided in pharmacy education?
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Pharmacy laws do not cover the labeling and sale of dangerous drugs.
Pharmacy laws do not cover the labeling and sale of dangerous drugs.
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What is one of the specific requirements for an applicant to be licensed to practice pharmacy?
What is one of the specific requirements for an applicant to be licensed to practice pharmacy?
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What significant change occurred at Kumasi College of Technology in 1961?
What significant change occurred at Kumasi College of Technology in 1961?
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The Faculty of Pharmacy at KNUST offered a Bachelor of Pharmacy program until 2010.
The Faculty of Pharmacy at KNUST offered a Bachelor of Pharmacy program until 2010.
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What curriculum was developed for the College of Health and Allied Sciences at UCC?
What curriculum was developed for the College of Health and Allied Sciences at UCC?
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The first draft of the PharmD curriculum for UCC was ready in _____
The first draft of the PharmD curriculum for UCC was ready in _____
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Match the following institutions with their pharmacy program offerings:
Match the following institutions with their pharmacy program offerings:
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In which year did the Central University College change from offering BPharm to PharmD?
In which year did the Central University College change from offering BPharm to PharmD?
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The Curriculum Development Committee for UCC included members from the Pharmacy Council of Ghana.
The Curriculum Development Committee for UCC included members from the Pharmacy Council of Ghana.
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What year was the UCC Academic Board presented with the documents to establish the School of Pharmacy?
What year was the UCC Academic Board presented with the documents to establish the School of Pharmacy?
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Study Notes
PHM 105 (Orientation to Pharmacy) - History of Pharmacy
- Pharmacy's origins date back over 4000 years
- Sumerians, in modern-day Iraq, used medicinal plants (liquorice, mustard, myrrh, opium) around 4000 BC
- Sumerians combined medicinal preparation with priestly roles
- Sumerians documented prescriptions as early as 2700 BC
- Ancient Egyptians had specific medicine preparers called Pastophors
- Pastophors worked in temples and were also considered priests.
- Ebers Papyrus (1500 BC) demonstrated Egyptian use of infusions, ointments, lozenges, etc., and contained 875 prescriptions using 700 different drugs
- Ancient Greece saw experts in medicinal plants, like Diocles of Carystus (4th century BC), who were crucial to Greek pharmacotherapeutic knowledge
- Pedanius Dioscorides (60-78 AD) compiled a five-volume book, De Materia Medica, detailing over 600 plants and coining the term "materia medica"
- De Materia Medica influenced Middle Eastern scientists during the Islamic Golden Age.
- Earliest Chinese manual (Shennong Bencao Jing) emerged in the 1st century AD, documenting ailments and recipes attributed to Shennong
- Chinese herbal medicine described 365 plant-based drugs
- Earliest shop dealing with medicines in London was established in 1345
- The apothecary profession developed rapidly during the 16th & 17th centuries in Britain, leading to the creation of a Guild in 1617
- 1617 saw King James I create a separate apothecary guild to distinguish the profession from grocers in England
- Apothecaries Act of 1815, defined the role of the apothecary and differentiated them from doctors.
Evolution of Pharmacy and the Apothecaries in England
- 1815 Act granted apothecaries practicing in London and the provinces a license to be general practitioners, with use of L.S.A. post-nominals.
- Practice of the title "apothecary" without required licensure was illegal after 1815.
- Formation of the General Medical Council in 1858 reduced the significance of the Society of Apothecaries in training general practitioners.
Dispenser
- Dispensers, non-professionally trained individuals, were employed in institutions (hospitals, asylums, etc.) to compound and dispense drugs under supervision.
- Assistants' examination, introduced in 1815, qualified individuals to perform dispensing tasks under supervision.
Chemist (Chymist)
- Distinctions between pure (scientific) chemistry and medicinal chemistry became clearer by the mid-19th century
- The term "chemist" took the place of "chymist" around 1790
- Chemists and druggists were terms used by practitioners of the emerging profession of pharmacy in the late 18th and 19th centuries.
Key Dates in Pharmacy History
- 1240 AD: Pharmacy and medicine were officially separated in Europe by King Frederick II
- 1820: Alkaloid quinine extracted from cinchona bark by French chemists
- 1820: Creation of the United States Pharmacopeia (USP)
- 1874: Synthesis of diamorphine (heroin)
- 1883: First edition of The Extra Pharmacopoeia
- 1885: Louis Pasteur developed rabies vaccine
- 1886: Dr. John Stith Pemberton created the recipe for Coca-Cola
- 1892: German chemist synthesized salicylic acid, later known as aspirin
- 1899: Aspirin launch by a German company
- 1910: Discovery of Salvarsan (effective against syphilis)
- 1915: Prevention of advertising and sales of certain medicines under the Venereal Disease Act.
- 1917: Increased medicine stamp duty for fundraising
The Practice of Pharmacy - Education
- Pharmacy education closely followed medical education, starting as apprenticeship to formal educational courses.
- The five-year curriculum in the pharmacy colleges included subjects such as physics, chemistry, biology, etc., as well as training in pharmaceutical jurisprudence
- The Doctor of Pharmacy (PharmD) degree is a relatively recent requirement for pharmacists in most countries, replacing the Bachelor of Science (BSc) in Pharmacy as the most common degree
- Pharmacy regulations and laws address the production, handling, and sale of dangerous drugs.
Organizations
- Numerous national and international pharmacist organizations promote professionalism.
- Key examples include the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain and the American Pharmaceutical Association
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Description
Test your knowledge about the key events and developments in the history of pharmacy and drug development. From the injectable polio vaccine to significant milestones in medicinal history, this quiz covers essential topics that every pharmacy student should know.
