Questions and Answers
Non-sterile compounding is addressed in which chapter of the USP?
Chapter 9
Compounding is the on-demand formulation of a drug preparation according to a physician's prescription for?
An individual patient
A drug package states, 'Store at 25°C'. Where should the product be stored?
At room temperature
What is the correct temperature for refrigerated products?
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Which osteoporosis medication should be stored in the refrigerator?
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The documentation that provides the actual ingredients and procedures used to compound a preparation is the?
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What factor affects the beyond-use date of a compound preparation?
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In the absence of other stability data, water-containing formulations from ingredients in solid form should be assigned a beyond-use date that is?
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What would be the latest possible beyond-use date for a non-aqueous medication prepared on February 3, 2017?
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For a medication to be within the 5% margin of error permitted by the USP, the minimum amount of drug that can be weighed on a class A prescription balance is?
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Which is the correct statement when weighing a powder on a class A/Class III torsion balance?
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How often must a Class A prescription balance be certified?
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What is the required sensitivity of a class A prescription torsion balance in order to remain within the 5% margin of error?
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What is the maximum weighable quantity when using a class A prescription balance?
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You need to measure 78 mL of liquid. The proper size graduated cylinder to use is?
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A 100 mL graduated cylinder cannot accurately measure volume less than?
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Which part of the meniscus should a pharmacy technician use to measure the liquid in the graduated cylinder?
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Which of the following will cause the phenomenon known as a meniscus?
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What technique is used to mix two ingredients of unequal quantities?
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What type of spatula should be used when measuring corrosive ingredients?
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Which is not a method for reducing particle size of a drug?
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___________________ is the term for triturating a powder with a solvent in which it is insoluble to reduce particle size.
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The fine grinding of a powder is called?
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Which of the following is the process of reducing the particle size of a powder by grinding it with a liquid in which it is not soluble?
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What type of agent increases the viscosity of a suspension?
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Which of the following are qualities of a well-made suspension?
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Which of the following liquid dosage forms consists of solid particles dispersed throughout, but not dissolved in liquid?
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When water is added to a powdered drug, e.g., an antibiotic for a child, the process is called?
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This topical dosage form can be made using the dry-gum method, wet-gum method or beaker method.
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If you need to compound a liquid preparation containing a water-based vehicle and an active drug that is an oil, the appropriate dosage form would be?
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Which dosage form is prepared by compression or molding?
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Capsules can contain?
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Which carbohydrate is often used as a bulk filler in molded tablet triturates?
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Which of the following equipment is not used in non-sterile compounding?
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Pharmacy personnel use various techniques when compounding non-sterile products. Which of the following describes levigation?
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In the absence of other stability information, what is the appropriate beyond-use date (BUD) for an oral solution prepared with water?
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The process of dissolving a powdered drug with a diluent such as water is known as?
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Which of the following units are used when interpreting an expression of percentage?
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Which of the following pieces of equipment must be zeroed out, or recalibrated before each use?
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Pharmacy personnel use various techniques when compounding preparations. Which of the following best describes levigation?
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What is the appropriate beyond-use date (BUD) for an oral suspension that does not have stability information on the product label?
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What standards must be followed during extemporaneous compounding?
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Which of the following should be used in lifting pharmacy weights to be placed on a balance?
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Which part of the liquid does one look at when measuring liquids?
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Which of the following would be used to prepare an ointment if another technician is using the ointment slab?
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How often must a Class A prescription balance be certified?
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What dosage form is prepared using the punch method?
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When a pharmacy technician is performing geometric dilution, when does she add the most potent ingredient, which usually has the smallest volume to the mortar?
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Which of the following agents is used to increase the viscosity of a suspension?
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What type of mortar and pestle are used to mix liquids?
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Study Notes
Non-Sterile Compounding Overview
- Non-sterile compounding is addressed in USP Chapter 795.
- Compounding is the formulation of a drug preparation as per a physician's prescription specifically for an individual patient.
Storage Guidelines
- Drugs labeled "Store at 25°C" must be kept at room temperature.
- Refrigerated products must be stored between 36 to 46°F.
- Open insulin has a stability of 28 days when refrigerated.
- Calcitonin-salmon is an osteoporosis medication that requires refrigeration.
Compounding Documentation and Stability
- The compounding record details the actual ingredients and procedures used.
- The beyond-use date (BUD) for compounded preparations can be affected by the presence of water.
- For water-containing formulations made from solid ingredients, the maximum BUD is 30 days.
- Non-aqueous medications prepared on February 3, 2017, have a BUD of August 3, 2017 (six months).
Weighing and Balancing Techniques
- A minimum of 120 mg can be weighed on a Class A prescription balance to stay within the 5% margin of error.
- Powder should be weighed using a clean weigh boat for each new powder.
- Class A balances must be certified every 12 months and have a sensitivity of 6 mg.
- Maximum weighable quantity on a Class A prescription balance is 60g.
Liquid Measurement Techniques
- To measure 78 mL of liquid, use a 3-ounce graduated cylinder.
- A 100 mL graduated cylinder cannot accurately measure less than 20 mL.
- Always measure liquid at the bottom of the meniscus for accuracy.
- The phenomenon of a meniscus occurs in liquids measured in graduated cylinders.
Particle Size Reduction Techniques
- Geometric dilution is used to combine ingredients in unequal quantities.
- Rubber spatulas are recommended for measuring corrosive ingredients.
- Levigation refers to triturating a powder with an insoluble solvent to reduce particle size.
- Trituration specifically denotes the fine grinding of a powder.
Suspensions and Dosage Forms
- A thickening agent increases the viscosity of a suspension.
- Well-made suspensions settle slowly and re-disperse quickly.
- A suspension consists of solid particles dispersed in a liquid.
- Reconstitution is the process of adding water to powdered drugs, like antibiotics.
Emulsions and Other Compounding Techniques
- Emulsions can be made using the dry-gum, wet-gum, or beaker methods.
- An emulsion is suitable when compounding a liquid with an oil-based active drug and a water-based vehicle.
- Suppositories are dosage forms prepared by compression or molding.
- Capsules can contain various forms, including other capsules, bulk powders, or liquids.
General Compounding Standards and Practices
- Standards for extemporaneous compounding require adherence to Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP).
- For oral solutions prepared with water, BUD is typically 14 days.
- The appropriate BUD for oral suspensions lacking stability data is also no later than 14 days.
- Use forceps to lift weights placed on a balance.
Equipment and Measurement
- Class A prescription balances must be zeroed or recalibrated before each use.
- A glass mortar and pestle are utilized for mixing liquids.
- Parchment paper can be used to prepare ointments when an ointment slab is occupied.
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Description
Test your knowledge on non-sterile compounding with these flashcards based on Chapter 9 of the USP. Each card focuses on important terms and definitions relevant to compounding practices, storage conditions, and individual patient formulations. Perfect for pharmacy students preparing for their exams!
