Pharmacy Basics and Drug Administration

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary role of a pharmacist?

Conducting medical research

Educating patients on dietary needs

Dispensing drugs and providing drug information (correct)

Performing surgical procedures

Which of the following is NOT a typical function of pharmacy?

Compounding and dispensing drugs

Interpreting prescription orders

Patient monitoring and intervention

Performing physical examinations (correct)

Which type of pharmacy primarily serves patients within a hospital?

Community pharmacy

Nuclear pharmacy

Internet pharmacy

Institutional pharmacy (correct)

What education is required to become a pharmacist?

Graduation from an accredited School of Pharmacy Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is considered a service provided by pharmacies?

Cognitive services related to medication use Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the amount of the drug taken each time?

Dose Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'placebo' refer to?

A treatment with psychological benefits and no medical effects Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the concept of 'quality control' in drug administration?

Physical or chemical tests to ensure raw material specifications Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a double-blind trial?

Both participants and researchers are unaware of treatment assignments Signup and view all the answers

What does 'stability of a pharmaceutical product' refer to?

The formulation’s ability to meet specified criteria over time Signup and view all the answers

What does the expiration date on the product indicate?

When the product maintains 90% of its original quality. Signup and view all the answers

Which temperature range is classified as room temperature for storage?

Between 15°C and 30°C Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following storage conditions is appropriate for a refrigerator?

Between 2°C and 8°C Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the components that influence product quality during storage?

Humidity Signup and view all the answers

Which condition best describes a deep freezer's storage temperature?

Less than 10°C Signup and view all the answers

What is a prescription-only drug?

A drug that requires a physician's prescription to obtain. Signup and view all the answers

How is a drug different from medicine?

Medicine is a mixture of a drug with excipients and is packaged for distribution. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'excipient' refer to?

An inactive component of a dosage form. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the pharmacist in drug therapy?

To provide drug therapy aimed at improving patient outcomes Signup and view all the answers

What are OTC drugs?

Drugs that can be purchased without a prescription. Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes a drug product?

A dosed form that includes active ingredients and inactive components. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a drug derived from animal sources?

Insulin Signup and view all the answers

Which category does penicillin belong to?

Microorganisms Signup and view all the answers

What does biotechnology in drug production typically involve?

Creation of drugs through recombinant DNA techniques Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a source of drugs?

Psychotropic substances Signup and view all the answers

What is an empirical formula?

A chemical formula that represents the simplest form of the compound Signup and view all the answers

Which type of name describes a drug according to IUPAC rules?

Chemical Name Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when the patent for a drug expires?

Other companies can create generic versions of the drug Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of maintaining unique names for drugs?

To ensure drug safety and prevent dispensing errors Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about generic drugs is true?

They can be of lower quality but are often just as effective Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of effective drug names?

They should imply the pharmacologic indications. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the primary aim of effective care in health care systems?

Achieving correct diagnoses and treatments. Signup and view all the answers

What does safe care in a health care system aim to achieve?

Ensuring that care does not cause harm to patients. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT relevant for effective drug name creation?

Confusing nomenclature. Signup and view all the answers

What was indicated about the percentage of patients receiving correct diagnoses in some countries?

Only 35% of patients receive accurate diagnoses. Signup and view all the answers

What does the serpent of Epidaurus represent in pharmaceutical symbols?

Medicine and healing Signup and view all the answers

Which symbol combines a bowl and a serpent to signify health?

The bowl of Hygeia Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of the Caduceus symbol?

Two snakes intertwined Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a treatment-related criterion for patient care?

Discount pricing for medication Signup and view all the answers

What does obtaining informed consent involve in patient care?

Explaining risks and benefits Signup and view all the answers

What is the current trend in the relationship between pharmacists and society?

Pharmacists are providing comprehensive drug information and therapy recommendations. Signup and view all the answers

How has the perception of patients in healthcare changed over time?

Patients now have more consumer rights and autonomy. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following rights do patients have in today's healthcare system?

Patients are autonomous in choosing their healthcare providers. Signup and view all the answers

What consequence might health professionals face for not respecting patient rights?

They might encounter professional, ethical, or legal issues. Signup and view all the answers

What has been a traditional expectation of healthcare professionals towards patients?

Healthcare professionals are expected to know what is best for patients without their input. Signup and view all the answers

What does patient-centered care emphasize in healthcare delivery?

Tailoring decisions to individual needs Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of healthcare does the term 'timely' refer to?

Patients receiving care without unnecessary waiting Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of quality healthcare ensures that all individuals receive equal care?

Equitable Signup and view all the answers

How is efficient healthcare defined in terms of medical testing?

Avoiding unnecessary laboratory tests and imaging Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by integrated healthcare for patients with chronic conditions?

Coordinating care across all doctors and specialists Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Pharmacy and Pharmacists

Pharmacy encompasses the preparation, dispensation of medications, and providing drug-related information to the public.
Responsibilities include prescription interpretation, drug compounding, labeling, and dispensing, as well as patient monitoring and education.
Pharmacists are educated and licensed professionals who dispense drugs and provide drug information.

Drug Administration & Quality Control

Strength: The concentration of a drug in a dosage form.
Dose: The amount of drug taken at a time.
Dose Regimen: The frequency of drug use.
Placebo: An inactive substance used for psychological benefit, not for its physical effect. It plays a critical role in research, often used in blind studies to assess the effectiveness of new drugs.

Drug Classification

Prescription-Only Drugs: Require a physician's prescription and are dispensed through a pharmacy.
OTC Drugs: Drugs available without a prescription, often chosen by patients or recommended by a pharmacist.

Drug vs. Medicine

Drug: An active substance with pharmacological or therapeutic activity.
Medicine: A drug combined with inactive ingredients (excipients), formulated, packaged, and labeled for dispensing to a patient.

Other Pharmaceutical Terms

Drug Product: A dosage form containing one or more active ingredients and excipients.
Excipient: Any component of a dosage form other than the drug substance itself (inactive material).

Storage Conditions

Expiration Date: Indicates the date until which a product is expected to maintain at least 90% of its original quality.
Storage Conditions: Crucial for maintaining product quality, and include temperature, humidity, container specifics, and light exposure to ensure effectiveness.

Pharmaceutical Care and Sources of Drugs

Pharmaceutical care emphasizes the pharmacist's crucial role in providing responsible drug therapy to achieve outcomes enhancing patient quality of life.
Drugs are derived from various sources:
- Plant Sources: Castor oil (laxative).
- Animal Sources: Insulin, heparin.
- Mineral Sources: Magnesium sulfate, iodine.
- Microorganisms: Antibiotics, such as penicillin, derived from fungi and bacteria.
- Synthetic Drugs: Aspirin, sulphonamide, barbiturates, produced in labs.
- Biotechnology: Production of complex drugs, such as human insulin, vaccines, antibiotics, and interferon, through recombinant DNA technology.

Drug Nomenclature:

Empirical Formula: A chemical formula, such as C15H12N2O2 for phenytoin.
Chemical Name: A long, descriptive name based on the drug's structure, following IUPAC rules (e.g., sodium 5,5-diphenyl-2,4-imidazolidinedione for phenytoin).
Code Numbers: Numbers assigned before a drug receives a non-proprietary name.
Generic Name (Official, Non-Proprietary): The approved name listed in a Pharmacopoeia (e.g., Phenytoin).
Brand Name (Proprietary or Trademark): The name a specific company uses to market a drug (e.g., Dilantin for phenytoin).
Generic vs. Brand Name Products: Brand names are used under patent protection by the original manufacturer. Once the patent expires, other companies can produce generic versions with the same generic name, sometimes under their own brand names.

Criteria for Effective Drug Names

Short and Distinctive: Easy to remember and pronounce.
Pharmacologic Indications: Suggests the general type of medication.
Related Compounds: Relates to similar drugs in the same class or treatment area.

Quality Health Care System Aims

Effective Care: Aims for accurate diagnoses and treatment (only 35% of patients receive correct diagnoses in some countries).
Safe Care: Treatment should not harm the patient.

Pharmaceutical Symbols

Serpent of Epidaurus on Staff of Aesculapius: Represents medicine and healing.
Bowl of Hygeia with Serpent of Epidaurus: Symbolizes health and hygiene.
Caduceus (Staff of Hermes): A symbol representing medicine and healing with two intertwined snakes on a staff, often with wings.

Pharmacist's Evolving Role in Society

Moving from solely dispensing medication to providing comprehensive drug information and therapy recommendations.
Increasingly important in society and shifting from a rigid profession to one embracing new dimensions.

Consumerism vs. Paternalism

Shifting from a paternalistic healthcare approach where providers knew best, to a consumer-driven approach where patients are empowered to make informed decisions about their care.
Patients are recognized as consumers with rights and expect to be informed, provide consent about their treatment, and have autonomy in choosing healthcare providers and facilities.

Patient's Rights

Pharmacists should leverage their knowledge and expertise to provide patient care.
Pharmacists must respect patient wishes and preferences.
Patients have the right to choose their physician, pharmacy, and hospital.

Quality Health Care

7 Key Characteristics:
- Effective: Accurate diagnoses and treatment.
- Safe: Treatment does not harm the patient.
- Patient-centered: Care is personalized and tailored to individual needs and preferences.
- Timely: Patients receive care without unnecessary delays.
- Equitable: Quality care is available to everyone regardless of background or status.
- Integrated: Coordinated care for patients with multiple chronic conditions.
- Efficient: Avoids unnecessary tests and procedures, such as unnecessary antibiotic prescriptions.

Additional Information:

14% of patients worldwide experience harm during hospital stays.

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Description

This quiz covers fundamental concepts in pharmacy, including the roles and responsibilities of pharmacists, drug administration principles, and drug classification systems. Test your knowledge on prescription medications, dosage regimens, and the significance of placebos in clinical research.