Pharmacology: Understanding Drug Doses

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Questions and Answers

What is the common name for the drug LYSERGIC ACID DIETHYLAMIDE?

Herbals

Methamphetamine

Ecstasy

Acid (correct)

What is the source of the drug Mescaline?

Peyote cactus (correct)

Fungus claviceps purpurea

Psylocybe Mexicana mushroom

Morning glory seeds

What is the effect of Ketamine abuse?

Increased heart rate and blood pressure

Paranoia and anxiety

Dream-like states and hallucinations (correct)

Nausea and vomiting

What is the active ingredient in Morning Glory Seeds similar to?

LSD Signup and view all the answers

What is the form of MDMA?

Tablet, capsule or powder Signup and view all the answers

What is the street name for Psilocybin?

Magic Mushroom Signup and view all the answers

Who discovered LSD?

Dr. Albert Hoffman Signup and view all the answers

What is the use of Ketamine in its legitimate form?

Veterinary anesthetic Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of call girls?

They have their own legitimate work or profession. Signup and view all the answers

What is a factor that contributes to prostitution?

Contact with persons in the business of prostitution Signup and view all the answers

What is a type of prostitute that frequents places where liquor is sold?

Hustler Signup and view all the answers

What is a social cause of prostitution?

Poverty and anonymity of city life Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of unwilling prostitutes?

They are victims of white slave traffic Signup and view all the answers

What contributes to the continuance of prostitution?

Indifference of law enforcement authorities Signup and view all the answers

What is a reason why some individuals drift into prostitution?

Lack of restraining checks from neighbors and social environments Signup and view all the answers

What is an influence that contributes to prostitution?

The influence of contraceptives and preventive treatment for venereal diseases Signup and view all the answers

What is the main argument against licensing prostitution according to this school of thought?

It invites men to enjoy promiscuity free and easy and without fear of the law. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a lottery?

A scheme for distribution of prizes by chance among those who have paid or agreed to pay a valuable consideration. Signup and view all the answers

Who is responsible for managing or carrying on a gambling game?

The conductor. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the illegal cockfighting conducted on a day on a cockpit not permitted by law?

Topada. Signup and view all the answers

What is the machine used for registering and indicating the number and nature of bets made on horse races?

Totalizer. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for any form of illegal gambling activity that uses numbers or combinations as factors in giving out jackpots?

Illegal numbers game. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference in the categorization of drugs between RA 6425 and RA 9165?

RA 6425 categorizes drugs as regulated and prohibited, while RA 9165 categorizes all drugs as dangerous drugs. Signup and view all the answers

How does RA 6425 differ from RA 9165 in the consideration of quality and quantity of drugs for the imposition of penalties?

RA 9165 does not consider quality as a basis for the imposition of penalties. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant difference in the penalties between RA 6425 and RA 9165?

RA 9165 has higher penalties than RA 6425. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference in the destruction of drugs between RA 6425 and RA 9165?

RA 6425 destroys drugs in bulk, while RA 9165 destroys drugs immediately except for retained samples. Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the presence of other personalities in the procedure after arrest and confiscation of drugs in RA 9165?

It is required to ensure the integrity of the evidence. Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'administer' according to RA 9165?

To introduce a dangerous drug into the body of any person. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the smallest amount of a drug that will produce a therapeutic effect?

Minimal dose Signup and view all the answers

What is the route of administration where the drug is injected into a large muscle mass?

Intramuscular Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the largest amount of a drug that will produce a desired therapeutic effect without any accompanying symptoms of toxicity?

Maximal dose Signup and view all the answers

What is the route of administration where the drug is taken by the mouth and must pass through the stomach before being absorbed into the bloodstream?

Oral ingestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the amount of drug that will cause death?

Lethal dose Signup and view all the answers

What is the route of administration where the drug is administered into the body by the use of syringe and hypodermic needle just below the surface of the skin?

Subcutaneous Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the amount of drug that produces untoward effects or symptoms of poisoning?

Toxic dose Signup and view all the answers

What is the route of administration where the drug is deposited directly into the bloodstream?

Intravenous Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Drug Administration and Dosage

A dose is the amount of a drug taken at one time, and it is essential in drug abuse.
There are four types of drug doses:
- Minimal dose: the smallest amount of a drug that produces a therapeutic effect.
- Maximal dose: the largest amount of a drug that produces a desired therapeutic effect without symptoms of toxicity.
- Toxic dose: the amount of a drug that produces untoward effects or symptoms of poisoning.
- Abusive dose: the amount of a drug that produces side effects and actions desired by an individual who improperly uses it.
- Lethal dose: the amount of a drug that will cause death.

Routes of Drug Administration

Oral ingestion: the most common method of administration, where the drug is taken by mouth and passes through the stomach before being absorbed into the bloodstream.
Inhalation: the second most common method, where the drug in gaseous form enters the lungs and is quickly absorbed by the rich capillary system.
Injection: the drug can be administered into the body through various ways, including:
- Subcutaneous (SC): injecting the drug just below the surface of the skin.
- Intramuscular (IM): injecting the drug into a large muscle mass with a good blood supply.
- Intravenous (IV): depositing the drug directly into the bloodstream, which is the most efficient and rapid method.

Types of Drugs

Hallucinogens (psychedelic): drugs that alter perception, thought, and consciousness, including:
- LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide): a powerful hallucinogen derived from the fungus Claviceps purpurea.
- Mescaline: a drug derived from the peyote cactus, known for its hallucinogenic effects.
- Psilocybin: a hallucinogenic compound found in certain mushrooms.
- Morning Glory Seeds: seeds that contain a hallucinogen similar to LSD, but less potent.
Ketamine: an anesthetic that can cause hallucinations and dream-like states.

Comparison of RA 6425 and RA 9165

RA 6425 (1972): categorized drugs as regulated and prohibited, with lower penalties.
RA 9165 (2002): categorized all drugs as dangerous, with higher penalties and curtailed privileges for accused.

Prostitution

Causes of prostitution:
- Poor social background and personality handicaps.
- Previous sexual experience.
- Contact with persons in the prostitution business.
- Love for money and luxury.
- Lack of social control and religious training.
Types of prostitutes:
- Call girls: part-time prostitutes who work to supplement their income.
- Hustlers: professional prostitutes who work in bars, taverns, or on the streets.

Gambling

Definition: a game of chance or scheme where the result depends on chance or hazards.
Types of gambling:
- Lottery: a scheme for distributing prizes by chance among those who paid for a chance to win.
- Maintainer: a person who sets up or furnishes the means for a gambling game.
- Conductor: a person who manages or carries out a gambling game.
- Banker: a person who keeps the money for the winner.
- Totalizer: a machine for registering and indicating bets made on horse races.
- Wager: a bet made on horse races.
- Prize: an amount due to the winner.
- Topada: illegal cockfighting conducted on a day on a cockpit not permitted by law.
- Illegal numbers game: any form of illegal gambling activity that uses numbers or combinations as factors in giving out jackpots.

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Description

Learn about the different types of drug doses, including minimal and maximal doses, and their importance in medical treatment and drug abuse.