10 Questions
What is the role of epinephrine in the case of the 6-year-old boy with a bee sting?
To increase blood pressure and open up the airways
What is the most likely diagnosis in the case of the 6-year-old boy with a bee sting?
Anaphylaxis
Which neurotransmitter is primarily involved in the sympathetic nervous system's response to stress?
Adrenaline (epinephrine)
Which neurotransmitter is released by the postganglionic fibers of thermoregulatory sweat glands?
Acetylcholine
What is the primary mechanism for the termination of action of sympathetic cholinergic neurotransmitters?
Neuronal uptake
Which drug directly stimulates all α and β receptors and is classified as a sympathomimetic?
Adrenaline
Which of the following is a therapeutic use of noradrenaline?
Acute hypotensive state
Dobutamine activates which of the following receptor(s)?
β1 receptor
Which of the following is a therapeutic use of adrenaline?
Acute pulmonary edema
What is a therapeutic use of dobutamine?
Treatment of chronic heart failure
Study Notes
Autonomic Nervous System and Neurotransmitters
- In the case of a 6-year-old boy with a bee sting, epinephrine is used to counteract the allergic reaction by dilating airways, tightening blood vessels, and increasing heartbeat.
- The most likely diagnosis in the case of the 6-year-old boy with a bee sting is anaphylaxis, a severe and life-threatening allergic reaction.
Sympathetic Nervous System and Neurotransmitters
- Norepinephrine is the neurotransmitter primarily involved in the sympathetic nervous system's response to stress.
- Norepinephrine is released by the postganglionic fibers of thermoregulatory sweat glands.
Neurotransmitter Termination
- The primary mechanism for the termination of action of sympathetic cholinergic neurotransmitters is enzymatic degradation by acetylcholinesterase.
Sympathomimetic Drugs
- Epinephrine directly stimulates all α and β receptors and is classified as a sympathomimetic.
- Noradrenaline is used to increase blood pressure in certain medical conditions, such as hypotension.
- Dobutamine activates β1 receptors, increasing heart rate and contractility, and is used to treat cardiac failure.
Therapeutic Uses of Neurotransmitters
- Adrenaline is used to treat anaphylaxis and cardiac arrest.
- Dobutamine is used to treat cardiac failure and cardiogenic shock.
This quiz covers the introduction to the Sympathetic Nervous System, the classification of sympathomimetic drugs, and the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and therapeutic uses of Epinephrine, Norepinephrine, Dopamine, and Dobutamine. It also includes a case scenario related to a bee sting and treatment.
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