Pharmacology: Rectal Suppositories Quiz

<p>Antibiotics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It ensures that the drug is readily absorbed by the rectal mucosa. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lymphatic circulation helps in the absorption of rectally administered drugs, alongside the lower hemorrhoidal veins. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure the drug is released at the correct rate and available for absorption. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The presence of a large amount of fecal matter in the rectum. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Prochlorperazine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This means that the drug's chemical form will generally remain unchanged in the rectal environment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Because of the different mechanisms of drug absorption in the rectum and the stomach. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pH of the rectal fluids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vaginal absorption is significantly slower than rectal absorption. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cocoa butter melts quickly at body temperature but may not readily release fat-soluble drugs due to its immiscibility with fluids. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rectal administration bypasses the first-pass metabolism in the liver, allowing for higher bioavailability of certain drugs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A lipophilic drug with a lower partition coefficient will be more readily absorbed by the surrounding aqueous fluids. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intermediate base (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irritant to mucous membranes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Water-soluble bases dissolve quickly in body fluids, allowing the drug to easily enter the bloodstream. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Smaller particles have a larger surface area, enhancing the rate of dissolution and absorption. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To act as a carrier for the drug and facilitate its release for absorption. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can be susceptible to polymorphism, potentially affecting drug release. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure that the base does not inactivate or reduce the bioavailability of the drug. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A melting point slightly below body temperature to facilitate steady drug release. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its emollient property provides soothing and spreading action on irritated tissues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allows for easier removal of the suppository from the mold. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Melting at the minimum required temperature and allowing it to cool slowly. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The patient's metabolism. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are compatible with both fat-soluble and water-soluble drugs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It could trigger a bowel movement, potentially reducing drug absorption. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beta crystals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent the suppository from sticking to the mold during the cooling process. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycerinated gelatin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycerinated gelatin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They have a higher melting point than cocoa butter. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To promote the formation of water-in-oil emulsions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They do not melt at body temperature but dissolve slowly in bodily fluids. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its low melting point may cause it to melt at room temperature. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glyceryl monostearate (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cocoa butter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To minimize the risk of irritation to the mucous membrane, preventing moisture loss from the tissue. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The melting point of Theobroma oil can vary depending on the crystal form it forms during solidification. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycerinated gelatin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Molding from a melt (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>40 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fattibase (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Polyethylene Glycol (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>28.25 g (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To discourage the growth of pathogenic organisms (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Theobroma oil (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure accurate placement of the tablet within the vagina (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent the drug from degrading due to exposure to light (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prevent the suppository from becoming too soft and melting (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vaginal tablets contain disintegrating agents, while vaginal suppositories do not. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glycerinated gelatin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By comparing the weight of the drug to the weight of the base it replaces. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The suppositories may become spongy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All suppositories are designed to be easily inserted into the intended orifice without causing undue distension. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urethral suppository (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cylindrical (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>2 g (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To dissolve, melt, or soften upon insertion, releasing the medication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The suppository base melts, softens, or dissolves, releasing the medication into the surrounding tissues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To prepare the urethra for an upcoming examination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To deliver medication with both local and systemic effects based on the drug's properties. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To compensate for the loss of material during preparation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The volume of the mold. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sodium chloride (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate the softening and mixing of the base. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hand rolling and shaping (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>9.2 mL (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It determines the weight of the base required. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The drug will displace a lesser volume of base, requiring less base. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Volume of the mold (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1.5 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.6 g (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.55 g (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>20 g (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4 g (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To avoid exceeding the maximum allowable volume in the mold. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Solid dosage forms for insertion into body orifices that melt, soften, or dissolve to deliver medications.

Cylindrical suppositories usually 32 mm long, used rectally, typically weighing about 2 g.

Globular or cone-shaped suppositories used vaginally, often weighing about 5 g when cocoa butter is used.

Slender, pencil-shaped suppositories used for insertion into the urethra, differing in size for males and females.

The material that forms the body of the suppository, melts, softens, or dissolves to release medication.

Adult rectal suppositories weigh about 2 g; those for children weigh about half that and are smaller.

Suppositories can exert local effects (at the insertion site) or systemic effects (through absorption into circulation).

After insertion, the base dissolves to distribute the medicaments to surrounding tissues.

Medicaments designed for local effects or systemic absorption.

Suppositories that release medication over extended periods.

A pain reliever available in slow-release suppository form.

Used to relieve constipation by irritating mucous membranes.

Suppositories that relieve pain and inflammation due to hemorrhoids.

Used for contraception, antiseptics, and antifungal treatments.

Drugs absorbed rectally can have systemic effects.

Bypasses stomach's destructive environment.

Includes drug physicochemical nature and suppository vehicle.

Body conditions affecting rectal absorption, such as contents and pH.

Fecal matter affects drug absorption; emptier is better.

Allows rectally administered drugs to avoid liver degradation.

Neutral pH helps maintain drug integrity during absorption.

Includes solubility, particle size, and pKa impacting absorption.

Attributes of the base that affect drug release like melting and consistency.

Cocoa butter must be melted slowly to maintain stable beta crystals.

Theobroma oil can form stable and unstable crystalline structures at different temperatures.

Stable crystal form of cocoa butter formed by melting under 36°C.

Unstable crystal form formed if cocoa butter melts quickly at high temperature.

Cocoa butter can adhere to molds, solved by using lubricants.

Cocoa butter has a low melting point which can be improved by adding white beeswax.

Cocoa butter has low water absorbance; surface-active agents can improve this.

Water-soluble base made of gelatin (20%) and glycerin (70%) for suppositories.

Polyethylene glycols (PEG) dissolve in body fluids, do not melt at body temperature.

PEG is available in various molecular weights for different properties.

Suppositories can be made by molding, compression, or hand rolling.

Glycerinated gelatin must be protected from moisture to avoid shape loss.

Glycerinated gelatin can irritate tissues due to its dehydrating effect.

Bases are mixtures of fatty and water-soluble materials, allowing for diverse formulations.

The process of preparing suppositories through melting, mixing, pouring, cooling, and removing them from molds.

Common bases used for molding suppositories include cocoa butter, glycerinated gelatin, and polyethylene glycol.

Molds can be made from stainless steel, aluminum, brass, or plastic and are designed to create the shape of suppositories.

Careful cleaning of molds before and after use is crucial to maintain the smoothness of suppositories.

A method where medicaments are forced into molds, requiring thorough mixing of ingredients to create a paste.

The oldest method of suppository preparation that involves manually shaping the suppositories.

Pharmacists calculate slightly more base than needed to account for losses in preparation.

The volume of active medicaments must be subtracted from the total mold volume to determine the base volume.

Density factors help convert the volume of base to weight for suppository preparation.

A method to calculate how much base is needed based on the volume the medication displaces.

Defines the amount of drug displacing the base, helping to calculate total base needed.

Calculation example for preparing suppositories with codeine phosphate and displacement value considered.

Example of how to calculate the weight of base needed for ten zinc oxide suppositories using displacement value.

Methods for determining the base quantity needed based on the occupied volume of the drug in the mold.

A measure of drug solubility in lipid versus water, affecting drug release.

A drug that prefers fat environments, impacting its absorption in fatty bases.

A drug that prefers water environments, influencing its release in aqueous bases.

Depends on drug solubility; fatty for lipophilic, aqueous for hydrophilic.

Higher concentration in the base increases absorption until a saturation point.

Smaller drug particles have more surface area, enhancing dissolution and absorption.

Non-toxic, compatible, stable, and melts or dissolves at body temp.

Solid at room temp, melts quickly; often used for fat-soluble drugs.

Use polyethylene glycol or glycerinated gelatin; good for water-soluble drugs.

Fatty base that melts at body temperature, commonly used in suppositories.

Cocoa butter can exist in multiple crystalline forms affecting melting point.

An unstable form of cocoa butter that melts at lower temperatures.

Influenced by drug concentration and solubility in the base.

Chemical/physical interactions between the drug and the base may affect stability.

The ability of a base to spread on a surface, influencing drug release.

Total mass of base needed to prepare medicated suppositories after accounting for displacement by the drug.

The weight of a base displaced by a drug; used to adjust amount of base required.

A semi-solid base used for suppositories, denser than cocoa butter and often used in vaginal formulations.

Commonly made of polyethylene glycols with added surfactants and preservatives for stability.

Vaginal tablets are easier to manufacture, more stable, and less messy than suppositories.

Maintaining suppositories in a cool place to prevent degradation, especially cocoa butter types.

Most are individually wrapped in foil or plastic to prevent contact and adhesion.

Maintaining around pH 4.5 to discourage pathogens and support natural bacteria.

They include lactose, starch, PVPP, and magnesium stearate for stability and disintegration.

High humidity can cause suppositories to become spongy, while dryness can make them brittle.