Pharmacology Quiz

Cholestyramine is not a D2 receptor antagonist and does not have a prokinetic effect.
It can cause bloating and should be taken at a different time from other required medications.
Erythromycin has a prokinetic effect and is used to increase gastrointestinal motility by acting as an agonist of motilin receptors.
Lactulose is an osmotic laxative.

A household source epidemic is characterized by a slow course and high morbidity of children.
Typhoid fever is transmitted through entering the bloodstream and then bodily secretions.
Leptospirosis is a zoonosis, a gastrointestinal infection transmitted from animals to humans.
Foodborne infections are more likely to cause gastrointestinal epidemics in the summer and autumn.
The reduced incidence of esophageal cancer in China and high-income countries like the UK is due to economic progress and reduced smoking.
In northern Iran, the most important risk factor for esophageal cancer is betel quid chewing.
Golestan province has the highest age-standardized incidence rate of esophageal cancer in Iran.
Gastric cancer is among the top cancers in men in Iran and Afghanistan.
West Azerbaijan and Ardabil provinces have the highest incidence rates of gastric cancer in men.
Adenocarcinoma subtype intestinal is the most common histopathologic type of gastric cancer in men.

In Hirschsprung's disease, ganglion cells are not seen in the tissue, and it is more prevalent in boys.
Celiac disease is associated with villous atrophy of the duodenum, increased intraepithelial lymphocytes, and a risk of B cell lymphoma.
In ulcerative colitis, crypt destruction along with cryptitis and crypt abscesses are observed, limited to the mucosa.
Serrated polyps have a chance of malignant transformation and are more prevalent with age.
In a patient with colon cancer in the family and a malignant mass in the cecum, and her sister with endometrial adenocarcinoma, microsatellite instability is a possibility.
Invasive E. coli enteritis is more likely to be seen in a stool sample with many RBCs and WBCs.
Beetroot and vitamin C can cause a false negative result in the guaiac test.
In colon cancer, the depth of tissue involvement is a more important prognostic factor.
Herpes infection is characterized by multinucleated polykaryons and intracellular eosinophilic inclusions.
Achalasia is characterized by increased LES tone, aperistalsis, and functional obstruction.
Barrett's esophagus is diagnosed by endoscopy and biopsy, and most cases are not associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Gastric mucosal damage can be caused by NSAID use, uremia, high altitude, and old age.
Cushing's ulcer is seen in intracranial disease.
In individuals with mutations in DNA repair genes, the conversion of large intestine tissue to cancerous tissue can take around 10 years.

Cholestyramine is not a D2 receptor antagonist and does not have a prokinetic effect.
It can cause bloating and should be taken at a different time from other required medications.
Erythromycin has a prokinetic effect and is used to increase gastrointestinal motility by acting as an agonist of motilin receptors.
Lactulose is an osmotic laxative.

A household source epidemic is characterized by a slow course and high morbidity of children.
Typhoid fever is transmitted through entering the bloodstream and then bodily secretions.
Leptospirosis is a zoonosis, a gastrointestinal infection transmitted from animals to humans.
Foodborne infections are more likely to cause gastrointestinal epidemics in the summer and autumn.
The reduced incidence of esophageal cancer in China and high-income countries like the UK is due to economic progress and reduced smoking.
In northern Iran, the most important risk factor for esophageal cancer is betel quid chewing.
Golestan province has the highest age-standardized incidence rate of esophageal cancer in Iran.
Gastric cancer is among the top cancers in men in Iran and Afghanistan.
West Azerbaijan and Ardabil provinces have the highest incidence rates of gastric cancer in men.
Adenocarcinoma subtype intestinal is the most common histopathologic type of gastric cancer in men.

In Hirschsprung's disease, ganglion cells are not seen in the tissue, and it is more prevalent in boys.
Celiac disease is associated with villous atrophy of the duodenum, increased intraepithelial lymphocytes, and a risk of B cell lymphoma.
In ulcerative colitis, crypt destruction along with cryptitis and crypt abscesses are observed, limited to the mucosa.
Serrated polyps have a chance of malignant transformation and are more prevalent with age.
In a patient with colon cancer in the family and a malignant mass in the cecum, and her sister with endometrial adenocarcinoma, microsatellite instability is a possibility.
Invasive E. coli enteritis is more likely to be seen in a stool sample with many RBCs and WBCs.
Beetroot and vitamin C can cause a false negative result in the guaiac test.
In colon cancer, the depth of tissue involvement is a more important prognostic factor.
Herpes infection is characterized by multinucleated polykaryons and intracellular eosinophilic inclusions.
Achalasia is characterized by increased LES tone, aperistalsis, and functional obstruction.
Barrett's esophagus is diagnosed by endoscopy and biopsy, and most cases are not associated with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Gastric mucosal damage can be caused by NSAID use, uremia, high altitude, and old age.
Cushing's ulcer is seen in intracranial disease.
In individuals with mutations in DNA repair genes, the conversion of large intestine tissue to cancerous tissue can take around 10 years.