Pharmacology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the mechanism of action of low-dose aspirin (81mg enteric coated tablet/day)?

Activation of cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX-1) and thromboxane (TXA2) synthesis in platelets

Inhibition of cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX-1) and thromboxane (TXA2) synthesis in platelets (correct)

Inhibition of prostacyclin synthesis in platelets

Activation of prostacyclin synthesis in platelets

What is the function of antiplatelet drugs in the context of thrombosis?

Inhibit blood coagulation factors and reduce clot formation

Prevent platelet aggregation and inhibit thrombus formation (correct)

Increase blood viscosity and promote clot formation

Promote platelet aggregation and enhance thrombus formation

What is the primary objective of thrombolytic drugs?

To prevent platelet aggregation and thrombus formation

To dissolve or lyse existing blood clots (correct)

To inhibit the synthesis of thromboxane (TXA2) in platelets

To promote the formation of blood clots in damaged vessels

What is the definition of hemostasis?

The body’s process of stopping bleeding in a blood vessel Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drugs dissolve blood clots that have already formed in blood vessels?

Thrombolytic drugs Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of thrombolytic drugs?

Activating plasminogen to convert it to plasmin Signup and view all the answers

Which type of thrombolytic drugs can lead to unwanted systemic fibrinolysis and increased risk of bleeding?

Non-fibrin specific Signup and view all the answers

What are the therapeutic uses of thrombolytic drugs?

Acute myocardial infarction Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including heart disease and stroke?

Hyperlipidemia Signup and view all the answers

What are the complexes of lipid and proteins known as, in which lipids are transported in plasma?

Lipoproteins Signup and view all the answers

Which drug class interferes with cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting HMG-CoA reductase?

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) Signup and view all the answers

What are the adverse effects of statins?

Myalgia, rhabdomyolysis, and increased liver enzymes Signup and view all the answers

Which lipid-lowering drug class activates nuclear receptors and regulates lipid metabolism?

Fibrates Signup and view all the answers

What are the adverse effects of fibrates?

Gastrointestinal upset, diarrhea, and myositis Signup and view all the answers

What do fibrinolytic inhibitors such as aminocaproic acid and tranexamic acid do?

Inhibit plasminogen activation and promote clot stabilization Signup and view all the answers

What is a common drug interaction associated with fibrates?

Drug interactions with warfarin Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Anticoagulants and Thrombolytics: Mechanism and Uses

Anticoagulants prevent thrombus formation and extension, while thrombolytic drugs dissolve blood clots that have already formed in blood vessels.
Thrombolytic drugs stimulate plasminogen activation, converting it to plasmin, which then breaks down fibrin clots into soluble derivatives.
Types of thrombolytic drugs include non-fibrin specific (e.g., streptokinase) and fibrin specific (e.g., alteplase).
Non-fibrin specific thrombolytics can lead to unwanted systemic fibrinolysis and increased risk of bleeding, while fibrin specific agents have a lower risk of bleeding.
Therapeutic uses of thrombolytic drugs include acute myocardial infarction, acute ischemic stroke, and deep vein thrombosis (DVT).
Adverse effects of thrombolytic drugs include bleeding, particularly with non-fibrin specific agents.
Fibrinolytic inhibitors, such as aminocaproic acid and tranexamic acid, inhibit plasminogen activation and promote clot stabilization.
Dyslipidemia, characterized by imbalances in lipid components, is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, including heart disease and stroke.
Lipids are transported in plasma as complexes of lipid and proteins known as lipoproteins, including VLDL, LDL, and HDL.
Commonly used lipid-lowering drugs include HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins), niacin, fibrates, and bile acid–binding resins.
Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, interfering with cholesterol synthesis, and can cause myalgia, rhabdomyolysis, and increased liver enzymes as adverse effects.
Fibrates activate nuclear receptors and regulate lipid metabolism, with adverse effects including gastrointestinal upset, diarrhea, and myositis. They also have drug interactions with warfarin and other medications.

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Description

Test your knowledge of anticoagulants, thrombolytics, and lipid-lowering drugs with this quiz. Explore the mechanisms, therapeutic uses, and adverse effects of these medications, as well as their role in managing cardiovascular diseases and dyslipidemia.