Pharmacology Quiz on Drug Functions

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary use of an antidepressant?

To control bed-wetting

To suppress symptoms of psychoses

To induce mood elevation (correct)

To prevent epileptic seizures

Which drug is known for treating bed-wetting?

Amitriptyline

Valproic acid

Imipramine (correct)

Lithium carbonate

Which type of drug is valproic acid classified as?

Antiepileptic (correct)

Antidepressant

Antineuritic

Antipsychotic

What is the primary action of a GABA agonist?

Increase action at the GABA receptor Signup and view all the answers

What type of drug is diazepam classified as?

Anxiolytic Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is considered a phenothiazine?

Chlorpromazine Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of a sedative?

To induce mild relaxation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of a monoamine oxidase inhibitor?

To increase catecholamine levels Signup and view all the answers

What effect do serotonin antagonists have at serotonin receptors?

They inhibit the action of serotonin Signup and view all the answers

What therapeutic effect do antipsychotic drugs aim to achieve?

Suppress symptoms of psychoses Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an alpha glucosidase inhibitor?

To block carbohydrate digestion Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of anabolic steroids in medicine?

To treat catabolic disorders Signup and view all the answers

What action do anti-androgens perform in the body?

They inhibit response to androgenic hormones Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone does adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulate the production of?

Glucocorticoids Signup and view all the answers

What condition do antidiabetic drugs primarily treat?

Diabetes mellitus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of antihypocalcemic drugs?

To elevate plasma calcium levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of an antagonist drug?

It prevents the activation of physiological receptors. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a potentiator?

A drug that enhances the action of a primary drug. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an absorbent drug?

To take up chemicals into its substance. Signup and view all the answers

What is the principle action of an antacid?

To neutralize excess gastric acid. Signup and view all the answers

Which description fits a systemically acting drug?

Reaches systemic circulation to act on all tissues. Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a topical drug?

Applied for local therapeutic action. Signup and view all the answers

What role does an acidifier have in the body?

It lowers the internal body pH. Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary function of a protectant drug?

To provide a physical barrier to the environment. Signup and view all the answers

What type of drug is classified as a narcotic?

A drug that induces action by interacting with opioid receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is an example of a narcotic antagonist?

Naloxone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of antianginal drugs?

To act as coronary vasodilators Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is a calcium channel blocker?

Verapamil Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a drug that inhibits xanthine oxidase?

Probenecid Signup and view all the answers

Which class of drugs is used to lower arterial blood pressure?

Antihypertensives Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors?

To inhibit prostaglandin synthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is used as a cardiac glycoside?

Digoxin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary action of an endothelin receptor antagonist?

Blocks endothelin receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drug is used to increase renal water reabsorption?

Antidiuretic Signup and view all the answers

What is the main therapeutic effect of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors?

Induce diuresis and reduced intraocular fluid formation Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a potassium-sparing diuretic?

It does not induce systemic potassium depletion Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an antiacne agent?

To combat lesions of acne vulgaris Signup and view all the answers

What is a common use for a caustic drug?

Destroying tissue on contact Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is known for inhibiting melanin production in the skin?

Hydroquinone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of an emollient?

Softening the skin and making it pliable Signup and view all the answers

What type of drug is categorized as a laxative?

Psyllium Signup and view all the answers

Which drug class is used to reduce the activity of lipases in the intestine?

Lipase Inhibitor Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of a proton pump inhibitor?

Inhibits gastric acid production Signup and view all the answers

Which drug is classified as an expectorant?

Guaifenesin Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a leukotriene receptor antagonist?

Inhibits inflammation in asthma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a type of anticancer drug that attacks malignant cells by reacting with DNA?

Alkylating agent Signup and view all the answers

What is the action of a mucolytic medication?

Hydrolyzes mucoproteins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is used to treat asthma by expanding bronchiolar airways?

Albuterol Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Appendix A: Definitions of Selected Drug Categories

Agonist: A drug that reacts with and activates physiological receptors, inducing a biological response. Example: morphine (opioid receptor agonist).
Antagonist: A drug that reacts with physiological receptors, preventing endogenous activation. Example: naloxone (opioid receptor antagonist).
Enzyme: A molecule that catalyzes chemical reactions.
Potentiator: An additional drug that enhances the action of a primary drug, resulting in a total response greater than the sum of individual drug effects. Example: hexafluorenium.
Specific: A drug tailored to a particular use, often due to a functional relationship between the drug's mechanism and the disease's pathophysiology.
Suppressant: A drug that inhibits disease progression, but does not cure it.
Systemically Acting Drug: A drug administered to reach systemic circulation, diffusing into all tissues, including the site of therapeutic action.
Topically Acting Drug: A drug applied to the body's surface for localized therapeutic action.
Trace Element: A chemical element essential for minute amounts in living organisms.

A. Drugs Acting Through Physical Mechanisms

Abradant: An agent that removes an external layer, like dental plaque. Example: pumice.
Absorbent: A drug that takes up other chemicals, reducing free availability. Example: polycarbophil.
Adsorbent: A drug that binds chemicals to its surface, reducing free availability. Example: kaolin.
Protectant: A topical drug that acts as a physical barrier. Example: zinc gelatin.

B. Drugs Acting Through Direct Chemical Interaction

Acidifier, Systemic: A drug that lowers internal body pH. Example: ammonium chloride.
Acidifier, Urinary: A drug that lowers the pH of renal filtrate and urine. Example: sodium dihydrogen phosphate.
Alkalinizer, Systemic: A drug that raises internal body pH. Example: sodium bicarbonate.
Antacid: A drug that neutralizes excess gastric acid. Example: calcium carbonate.
Chelating Agent: A complexing agent that binds metal ions, useful in treating metal poisoning. Example: edetate calcium disodium.
Irritant, Local: A drug that weakly, non-specifically interacts with biological tissue, inducing a mild inflammatory response. Example: camphor.

C. Drugs Acting on the Autonomic Nervous System

Adrenergic: A drug that activates organs innervated by the sympathetic nervous system (sympathomimetic drug) Example: epinephrine.
Cholinergic: A drug that activates organs innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system (parasympathomimetic drug). Example: neostigmine.
Parasympathomimetic: A drug that activates organs innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system example: neostigmine.
Anticholinesterase antidote: A drug that reactivates the cholinesterase enzyme, useful after inactivation by organophosphate poisons Example: pralidoxime.
Alpha Receptor Agonist: A drug that activates sympathetic nervous system alpha receptors, for example, to induce vasoconstriction. Example: norepinephrine.
Beta receptor agonist: A drug that activates sympathetic nervous system beta receptors, for example, to induce bronchodilation. Example: isoproterenol.
Anticholinergic: A drug that inhibits response to parasympathetic nerve impulses and cholinergic drugs; a parasympatholytic drug. Example: ipratropium bromide.
Antiadrenergic: A drug that inhibits response to sympathetic nerve impulses and adrenergic drugs; a sympatholytic drug. Example: metoprolol.
Sympatholytic: A drug that inhibits response to sympathetic nerve impulses and to sympathomimetic drugs; an antiadrenergic drug.
Parasympatholytic: A drug that inhibits response to parasympathetic nerve impulses and to parasympathomimetic drugs; an anticholinergic drug. Example: atropine.
Antimuscarinic: An anticholinergic drug that inhibits symptoms mediated by acetylcholine receptors of visceral organs. Example: atropine.

Other Drug Categories (from later pages)

Metal Complexing Agent: A drug that binds metal ions, useful in treating metal poisoning.
Antipsychotic: A drug that suppresses symptoms of psychoses. Example: haloperidol.
Anxiolytic: A drug that suppresses anxiety symptoms. Example: diazepam.
Barbiturate: A sedative-hypnotic drug containing the barbituric acid moiety. Example: phenobarbital.
Benzodiazepine: A sedative-anxiolytic-muscle relaxant drug containing the benzodiazepine moiety. Example: diazepam.
Centrally Acting Drug: A drug that produces its therapeutic effect via the central nervous system.
GABA Agonist: A drug that stimulates or increases GABA receptor action, producing sedative, anxiolytic, & muscle relaxant effects.
Glutamate Inhibitor: A drug that blocks the action of glutamic acid/glutamate.
Hydantoin: An antiepileptic drug containing the hydantoin moiety. Example: phenytoin sodium.
Hypnotic: A CNS depressant used to induce sleep. Example: eszopiclone.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor: An antidepressant that inhibits the enzyme monoamine oxidase. Example: isocarboxazid.
Phenothiazine: An antipsychotic or antidepressant drug containing the phenothiazine nucleus. Example: chlorpromazine.
Psychedelic: A drug that induces vivid sensory phenomena and hallucinations. Example: mescaline.
Psychotherapeutic: A drug used to treat abnormal mental or emotional processes.
Reverse COMT Inhibitor: A drug that inhibits the action of catechol-O-methyltransferase.
Sedative: A CNS depressant that induces mild relaxation. Example: phenobarbital.
...(and many more drug types)

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge on various drug classifications and their primary uses in medicine. This quiz covers essential concepts related to antidepressants, antidiabetic drugs, and more. Enhance your understanding of how different medications function within the body.