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Questions and Answers
Qual é uma consequência comum do uso excessivo de álcool entre jovens?
Qual é uma consequência comum do uso excessivo de álcool entre jovens?
- Aumento da concentração nos estudos
- Melhora na memória a longo prazo
- Problemas na escola e no trabalho (correct)
- Desenvolvimento mais rápido do corpo
Which factor does NOT influence drug absorption in the body?
Which factor does NOT influence drug absorption in the body?
- Route of administration
- Chemical properties of the drug
- Patient's physical activity (correct)
- Presence of food in the stomach
Which term describes the maximum concentration of a drug in the body after administration?
Which term describes the maximum concentration of a drug in the body after administration?
- Half-life
- Bioavailability
- Therapeutic window
- Cmax (correct)
What is the primary role of the liver in drug metabolism?
What is the primary role of the liver in drug metabolism?
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Which type of drug interaction can increase the effects of a medication?
Which type of drug interaction can increase the effects of a medication?
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Study Notes
Drug Administration
- Oral: Swallowing medication in tablet, capsule, or liquid form.
- Intravenous (IV): Injecting medication directly into a vein for immediate absorption.
- Intramuscular (IM): Injecting medication into a muscle, allowing slow absorption.
- Subcutaneous (SC): Injecting medication beneath the skin for slower absorption.
- Topical: Applying medication directly to the skin.
- Inhalation: Breathing in medication through the nose or mouth.
Drug Absorption Factors
- Route of administration: The way the drug enters the body greatly impacts absorption.
- Solubility: Whether a drug dissolves in water or lipids influences its movement across cell membranes.
- Blood flow: Higher blood flow to the administration site promotes faster absorption.
- Surface area: Larger surface areas for absorption enhance drug entry into the body.
- Food intake: Food can affect stomach pH and delay absorption.
Drug Concentration Terminology
- Peak plasma concentration (Cmax): The highest concentration of a drug in the blood after administration.
Liver's Role in Drug Metabolism
- Biotransformation: The liver breaks down drugs into inactive metabolites, making them easier to eliminate.
Drug Interactions
- Synergism: Two drugs working together to produce a greater effect than the sum of their individual effects.
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