Pharmacology Quiz: Drug Safety and Use

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What is a precaution to consider when using Aspirin long-term?

It can cause kidney damage.
It is not effective for pain relief.
It should only be taken on an empty stomach.
There is a risk of GI bleeding. (correct)

When is Aspirin considered safe to use during pregnancy?

Low doses are safe but not beyond 30 weeks. (correct)
As needed without restrictions.
Only in the third trimester for pain relief.
It can be taken at any stage of pregnancy.

Which of the following medications is contraindicated in patients with a fungal infection?

Tylenol
Ibuprofen
Aspirin
Prednisone (correct)

What is the primary concern when prescribing Ibuprofen?

It cannot be used after cardiac bypass surgery. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What laboratory monitoring is advised when prescribing anti-inflammatory medications?

Monitoring glucose and electrolytes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of Vancomycin?

Treat gram + bacteria ONLY (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which cephalosporin is recommended as an alternative if a patient has a severe penicillin allergy?

Cephalexin (B) Signup and view all the answers

What condition may arise as an adverse effect when using Carbapenems?

Superinfection (B) Signup and view all the answers

In which circumstance is the use of Vancomycin contraindicated?

Renal impairment (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about Tetracyclines is correct?

They are 2nd line agents with seven forms, including doxycycline. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the exam content in the NUR 521 Advanced Pharmacology course?

Understanding of prototype drugs and their pharmacological properties (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is a strong foundational knowledge in anatomy and pathophysiology important for this course?

It aids in understanding how drugs work and the body's response to them (C) Signup and view all the answers

What should you focus on while studying the prototype drugs in each module?

Mechanism of action, common and serious adverse effects, and patient education (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is essential to ensure when studying drug classes across the lifespan?

Understanding the class’s use in various populations like pediatrics and geriatrics (D) Signup and view all the answers

What specific antidote should be known for treating a Tylenol overdose?

Acetylcysteine (D) Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of patient education is critical for prototype drugs?

Understanding side effects and safe administration practices (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of content should be reviewed regarding evidence-based guidelines presented in the modules?

Specific points discussed by faculty during lectures (A) Signup and view all the answers

Why should students pay attention to the doses stressed in lectures?

They may be responsible for knowing these doses for safe prescribing (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why are narrow-spectrum drugs generally preferred over broad-spectrum drugs?

They target a specific organism and reduce the risk of resistance. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is one way antibiotic use can promote drug-resistant organisms?

Creating selection pressure that favors resistant strains. (C) Signup and view all the answers

When is it appropriate to start with broad-spectrum antibiotics?

In urgent and emergent situations before identifying the organism. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What factor should NOT be considered when selecting an antimicrobial drug?

Patient's medication cost. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a suitable use for prophylactic antimicrobial drugs?

Post-operative care to prevent infections. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is an important step to take before starting an antibiotic treatment?

Obtain a culture to identify the organism. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibiotics is an example of a broad-spectrum antibiotic?

Amoxicillin (Moxatag) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does acquired resistance in microbes most commonly result from?

DNA mutations in the microbial genome. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of ipratropium (Atrovent)?

Blocks muscarinic receptors to reduce bronchoconstriction (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable adverse effect to monitor for with tiotropium (Spiriva)?

Blurred vision (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about long-acting beta-2 agonists (LABAs) is true?

LABAs must be used with a glucocorticoid in asthma management. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What unique spirometry finding is used to confirm a diagnosis of COPD?

Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio less than 0.7 (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse effect associated with the use of albuterol (SABA)?

Tremors (C) Signup and view all the answers

Why is theophylline primarily used for bronchodilation?

It is less expensive than other treatment options. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is not characteristic of anticholinergic effects from medications like tiotropium?

Increased sweating (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line therapy for asthma management?

Inhaled glucocorticoids (ICS) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What laboratory tests may help differentiate asthma from other respiratory conditions?

Eosinophil count and IgE levels (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which group of patients would be prescribed a bronchodilator for COPD management?

Group A (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of COPD compared to asthma?

COPD often involves excessive sputum production (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which medication should not be used as monotherapy for asthma management?

Long-acting beta agonists (LABAs) (B) Signup and view all the answers

How does asthma severity classification affect treatment decisions?

It dictates the stepwise approach to medication management (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in children?

Slowed growth (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs is primarily used to manage COPD exacerbations?

Inhaled glucocorticoids (ICS) (C) Signup and view all the answers

What causes airway restriction in asthma and COPD?

Allergen exposure in asthma and chronic inflammation in COPD (D) Signup and view all the answers

Aspirin's effectiveness

Aspirin is most effective when taken within 8-10 hours of ingestion, but may still offer some benefit afterward.

Aspirin's mechanism of action

Aspirin irreversibly inhibits cyclooxygenase, reducing inflammation, pain, and fever, while also protecting against heart attack and stroke.

Aspirin: Long-term use patient education

Educate patients on potential for GI bleed as a side effect of long-term use.

Aspirin use in pregnancy

Aspirin use in pregnancy should be limited to low doses, with avoidance in the third trimester due to potential risks like anemia and premature ductus arteriosus closure.