Pharmacology Quiz: Adverse Reactions of ACE Inhibitors

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What is a potential consequence of taking an ACE inhibitor with a potassium sparing diuretic or dietary salt substitute?

Hypotension

Hyponatremia

Hyperkalemia (correct)

Angioedema

Why may diuretics be stopped 1-3 days before initiating ACE inhibition therapy?

To prevent hyponatremia

To prevent angioedema

To prevent hyperkalemia

To prevent first dose orthostatic hypotension (correct)

What is the mechanism of action of Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)?

Block the receptors for angiotensin II, causing vasoconstriction and increased sodium retention

Inhibit the breakdown of bradykinin, causing increased blood pressure

Block the receptors for angiotensin II, causing vasodilation and urinary excretion of sodium and water (correct)

Stimulate the receptors for angiotensin II, causing increased blood pressure

What is a common adverse reaction of ACE inhibitors that is not life-threatening?

Dry, hacking cough Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of ACE inhibitors in patients with renal or liver dysfunction?

Hyperkalemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)?

Treatment of hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Aliskiren in treating hypertension?

Antagonism of the Renin release from the kidney Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for Aliskiren in patients with diabetes?

Diabetes with microalbuminuria and/or increased creatinine and/or decreased creatinine clearance Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of Aliskiren in patients with impaired renal function?

Hyperkalemia Signup and view all the answers

Why may Aliskiren be ineffective in patients taking NSAIDs?

NSAIDs reduce the effectiveness of Aliskiren Signup and view all the answers

What is a specific group of medications that may interact with Aliskiren?

Potassium sparing diuretics Signup and view all the answers

What is a common indication for using Calcium Channel Blockers like Nifedipine?

Treatment of hypertension and angina Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for prescribing PCSK9 inhibitors such as alirocumab and evolocumab?

Treatment of hypercholesterolemia and prevention of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) when statins cannot be used Signup and view all the answers

How do PCSK9 inhibitors such as alirocumab and evolocumab work?

By binding to the free PCSK9 enzyme and inhibiting the PCSK9 attachment to the LDL receptors on the liver cell Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse reaction of PCSK9 inhibitors such as alirocumab and evolocumab?

Increased risk of injection site infections Signup and view all the answers

What happens if you are sensitive or can't clear PCSK9 inhibitors such as alirocumab and evolocumab?

Abdominal pain and diarrhea occur Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for prescribing fibrate medications such as fenofibrate and gemfibrozil?

Treatment of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and prevention of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) Signup and view all the answers

How do fibrate medications such as fenofibrate and gemfibrozil work?

By stimulating the breakdown of lipoproteins from the tissues and their removal from the plasma Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of suddenly discontinuing a certain medication after long-term use?

Rebound hypertension Signup and view all the answers

Why is it recommended to take a certain medication at bedtime?

To minimize the effect of CNS involvement Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of a certain medication?

It interacts with RBCs and proteins in plasma to produce nitric oxide Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of a certain medication in high doses?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for a certain medication?

Anticoagulant therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of a certain medication in patients with age or renal/liver dysfunction?

Severe hypotension Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for prescribing Thiazide diuretics?

Essential hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of long-term use of Thiazide diuretics?

Increased blood glucose levels Signup and view all the answers

How do Thiazide diuretics work?

By preventing Na+ reabsorption in the ascending end of the loop of Henle Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for the use of Thiazide diuretics?

Liver dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between Thiazide diuretics and Loop diuretics?

Thiazide diuretics remove small amounts of fluid, while Loop diuretics remove large amounts of fluid Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of using Thiazide diuretics in combination with Digoxin?

Increased risk of Digoxin toxicity Signup and view all the answers