Pharmacology Quiz: Adverse Reactions of ACE Inhibitors
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Questions and Answers

What is a potential consequence of taking an ACE inhibitor with a potassium sparing diuretic or dietary salt substitute?

  • Hypotension
  • Hyponatremia
  • Hyperkalemia (correct)
  • Angioedema

Why may diuretics be stopped 1-3 days before initiating ACE inhibition therapy?

  • To prevent hyponatremia
  • To prevent angioedema
  • To prevent hyperkalemia
  • To prevent first dose orthostatic hypotension (correct)

What is the mechanism of action of Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)?

  • Block the receptors for angiotensin II, causing vasoconstriction and increased sodium retention
  • Inhibit the breakdown of bradykinin, causing increased blood pressure
  • Block the receptors for angiotensin II, causing vasodilation and urinary excretion of sodium and water (correct)
  • Stimulate the receptors for angiotensin II, causing increased blood pressure

What is a common adverse reaction of ACE inhibitors that is not life-threatening?

<p>Dry, hacking cough (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of ACE inhibitors in patients with renal or liver dysfunction?

<p>Hyperkalemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs)?

<p>Treatment of hypertension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of Aliskiren in treating hypertension?

<p>Antagonism of the Renin release from the kidney (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for Aliskiren in patients with diabetes?

<p>Diabetes with microalbuminuria and/or increased creatinine and/or decreased creatinine clearance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of Aliskiren in patients with impaired renal function?

<p>Hyperkalemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why may Aliskiren be ineffective in patients taking NSAIDs?

<p>NSAIDs reduce the effectiveness of Aliskiren (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a specific group of medications that may interact with Aliskiren?

<p>Potassium sparing diuretics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common indication for using Calcium Channel Blockers like Nifedipine?

<p>Treatment of hypertension and angina (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for prescribing PCSK9 inhibitors such as alirocumab and evolocumab?

<p>Treatment of hypercholesterolemia and prevention of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) when statins cannot be used (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do PCSK9 inhibitors such as alirocumab and evolocumab work?

<p>By binding to the free PCSK9 enzyme and inhibiting the PCSK9 attachment to the LDL receptors on the liver cell (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse reaction of PCSK9 inhibitors such as alirocumab and evolocumab?

<p>Increased risk of injection site infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if you are sensitive or can't clear PCSK9 inhibitors such as alirocumab and evolocumab?

<p>Abdominal pain and diarrhea occur (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for prescribing fibrate medications such as fenofibrate and gemfibrozil?

<p>Treatment of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia and prevention of Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do fibrate medications such as fenofibrate and gemfibrozil work?

<p>By stimulating the breakdown of lipoproteins from the tissues and their removal from the plasma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of suddenly discontinuing a certain medication after long-term use?

<p>Rebound hypertension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it recommended to take a certain medication at bedtime?

<p>To minimize the effect of CNS involvement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of a certain medication?

<p>It interacts with RBCs and proteins in plasma to produce nitric oxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of a certain medication in high doses?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for a certain medication?

<p>Anticoagulant therapy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of a certain medication in patients with age or renal/liver dysfunction?

<p>Severe hypotension (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for prescribing Thiazide diuretics?

<p>Essential hypertension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of long-term use of Thiazide diuretics?

<p>Increased blood glucose levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do Thiazide diuretics work?

<p>By preventing Na+ reabsorption in the ascending end of the loop of Henle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for the use of Thiazide diuretics?

<p>Liver dysfunction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between Thiazide diuretics and Loop diuretics?

<p>Thiazide diuretics remove small amounts of fluid, while Loop diuretics remove large amounts of fluid (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of using Thiazide diuretics in combination with Digoxin?

<p>Increased risk of Digoxin toxicity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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