17 Questions
What is the main indication for non-selective beta agonists like isoproterenol?
Management of acute heart failure
Which adverse effect is commonly associated with selective alpha-2 agonists (CNS)?
Sedation
What is the primary indication for short-acting beta-2 agonists like salbutamol and terbutaline?
Preventing asthma exacerbations
What is the primary indication for selective alpha-2 agonists (CNS)?
Management of hypertensive urgency
Which condition is NOT an indication for selective beta-1 agonist dobutamine?
Prevention of asthma exacerbations
Which of the following is NOT a long-acting beta-2 agonist for bronchial asthma?
Salbutamol
What is the primary indication for the use of dopamine-1 agonists?
Management of hypertension
Which drug acts by increasing the release of catecholamines from neurons?
Ephedrine
What is the mechanism of action of Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors?
Inhibition of catecholamine reuptake
Which drug inhibits dopamine reuptake in the brain's pleasure centers?
Cocaine
What is the primary indication for the use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)?
Depression
Which receptor do selective alpha-1 antagonists primarily target?
Alpha-1
What is a common adverse effect associated with the first dose of alpha-1 antagonists?
Hypotension
Which condition is primarily managed with uroselective alpha-1 antagonists?
BPH
What is a common effect of non-selective beta antagonists like propranolol on heart function?
Bradycardia
Which type of activity is exhibited by beta antagonists that block β-1 only?
Cardioprotective effect
Besides hypertension and angina pectoris, which condition is timolol specifically indicated for?
Glaucoma
Study Notes
Adrenoceptor Agonists (Direct-Acting)
- Selective Alpha-2 Agonists (CNS) are clinically used to normalize blood pressure in patients with hypertension by reducing sympathetic tone in the CNS
- Common side effect of Selective Alpha-2 Agonists is sedation
- Clonidine is used to treat hypertensive urgency, ADHD, and facilitate abstinence from opioid dependence
- Methyldopa is an FDA-approved agent in the management of hypertension in pregnant women
- Guanfacine, Guanabenz, and Moxonidine are other Selective Alpha-2 Agonists
Adrenoceptor Agonists (Direct-Acting)
- Non-Selective Beta Agonists: Isoprenaline is used as an alternative for shock states and acute heart failure, and previously used to treat bronchial asthma
- Selective Beta-1 Agonists: Dobutamine is the first-line agent in the management of cardiogenic shock and acute heart failure
- Selective Beta-2 Agonists: Short-acting agents (Salbutamol, Terbutaline, Isoxsuprine, and Ritodrine) are used to treat bronchial asthma and prevent premature labor
- Long-acting agents (Formoterol, Salmeterol, Indacaterol, and Pibruterol) are used to treat bronchial asthma
Adrenoceptor Agonists (Direct-Acting)
- Dopamine-1 Agonists: Fenoldopam is an alternative in the management of hypertension
- Dopamine-2 Agonists: Levodopa is used to treat Parkinson's disease and hyperprolactinemia
- Cabergoline and Bromocriptine are also Dopamine-2 Agonists
Sympathomimetics (Indirect-Acting)
- Amphetamine-like Agents: Amphetamine, Phentermine, Phenmetrazine, and Phenylpropanolamine are used to treat anorexia
- Methylphenidate is used to treat ADHD, and Modafinil is used to treat narcolepsy
- Tyramine is found in protein-rich foods and stimulates the release of catecholamines from neurons
Sympathomimetics (Indirect-Acting)
- Catecholamines Reuptake Inhibition: Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (Reboxetine and Atomoxetine) increase concentrations of neurotransmitters
- Cocaine inhibits dopamine reuptake in the pleasure centers of the brain
- Inhibition of Catecholamine Metabolism: Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs) are used to treat depression
Sympathomimetics (Mixed-Acting)
- Ephedrine and Pseudoephedrine are mechanisms of agonistic effects on adrenoceptors and inhibition of catecholamine reuptake
Adrenoceptor Antagonists
- Alpha-1 Antagonists: Prazosin, Terazosin, and Doxazosin are used to treat hypertension and BPH
- Uroselective Alpha-1 Antagonists: Tamsulocin, Silodosin, and Alfuzosin are used to treat BPH
Adrenoceptor Antagonists
- Beta Antagonists: Celiprolol, Bisoprolol, Betaxolol, and others are used to treat hypertension, angina pectoris, arrhythmia, and heart failure
Test your knowledge on adrenoceptor agonists and sympathomimetics in pharmacology. Identify indications for medications like fenoldopam, levodopa, cabergoline, and bromocriptine. Explore the uses of these drugs in managing conditions such as premature labor, hypertension, Parkinson's disease, and hyperprolactinemia.
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