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Questions and Answers
Which of the following sequences correctly depicts the flow of genetic information in cells?
Which of the following DNA sequences would be synthesized using 5'-CAGTTCGGA-3' as a template?
During elongation in translation, to which ribosomal site does an incoming charged tRNA molecule bind?
During which stage of bacterial transcription is the σ subunit of the RNA polymerase involved?
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At what location is the immune response initiated?
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What is the source of Interferon-y (IFN-y)?
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Which of the following compounds are produced by macrophages that have been activated to produce oxygen-dependent compounds?
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What is a substance capable of eliciting a specific immune response?
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Which of the following statements about penicillins is INCORRECT?
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Which of the following is NOT a nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor?
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Which of the following antibiotic toxicities is correctly paired?
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Which of the following antibiotics is considered bacteriostatic?
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Which of the following statements about metronidazole is INCORRECT?
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Which of the following antibiotics functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor?
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Study Notes
Antibiotics
- Most penicillins only cross the blood-brain barrier when the meninges are inflamed.
- Penicillins inhibit cross-linkage of peptidoglycans in the cell wall.
- Piperacillin is a penicillin active against Pseudomonas.
- Only about 5-10% of people with a past history of penicillin allergy have a reaction on re-exposure.
- Norfloxacillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, and rifampicin inhibit nucleic acid synthesis.
- Enamel dysplasia is common with aminoglycosides.
- Grey Baby Syndrome occurs with rifampicin use.
- A disulfiram-like reaction can occur with macrolides.
- Haemolytic anaemias can occur with sulphonamide use.
- Nephritis is the most common adverse reaction with isoniazid.
- Chloramphenicol is bacteriostatic.
- Metronidazole is used to treat giardia and is effective against trichomonas vaginalis.
- It causes a metallic taste in the mouth and inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase.
Flow of Genetic Information
- The correct flow of genetic information in cells is: DNA to RNA to protein.
DNA Synthesis
- The correct DNA sequence synthesized using 5'-CAGTTCGGA-3' as a template is: 3'-GTCAAGCCT-5'.
tRNA Binding Site
- During elongation in translation, an incoming charged tRNA molecule binds to the A site of the ribosome.
Bacterial Transcription
- The σ subunit of the RNA polymerase is involved in the initiation stage of bacterial transcription.
Transcriptional Control
- Negative transcriptional control regulates gene expression by preventing transcription, while positive transcriptional control regulates gene expression by promoting transcription.
- Inducible genes are regulated by negative transcriptional control, while repressible genes are regulated by positive transcriptional control.
Immune System
- Innate immunity is antigen-independent and the first defense.
- The thymus is the site for maturation of T cells, not B cells.
- Peyer patch is a mini lymph node.
- Macrophage is not the only source of interleukin-6 (IL-6).
- Ig M antibodies play a role in protection against bacteria, not helminth infection.
Initiation of Immune Response
- The immune response is initiated in the lymph node.
Sources of Interferon-y and Other Compounds
- The source of Interferon-y (IFN-y) is Natural killer cells.
- Macrophages produce nitric oxide and lysozyme when activated to produce oxygen-dependent compounds.
Immunoglobulins
- The first immunoglobulin produced after antigen exposure is Ig M.
Antigen and Immunogen
- An antigen is a substance capable of eliciting a specific immune response.
- An immunogen is a substance capable of inducing an immune response.
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Description
This quiz questions tests your knowledge about penicillins, including their ability to cross the blood brain barrier, dosage adjustment in renal failure, and their mechanism of action.
