Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following sequences correctly depicts the flow of genetic information in cells?
Which of the following sequences correctly depicts the flow of genetic information in cells?
Which of the following DNA sequences would be synthesized using 5'-CAGTTCGGA-3' as a template?
Which of the following DNA sequences would be synthesized using 5'-CAGTTCGGA-3' as a template?
During elongation in translation, to which ribosomal site does an incoming charged tRNA molecule bind?
During elongation in translation, to which ribosomal site does an incoming charged tRNA molecule bind?
During which stage of bacterial transcription is the σ subunit of the RNA polymerase involved?
During which stage of bacterial transcription is the σ subunit of the RNA polymerase involved?
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At what location is the immune response initiated?
At what location is the immune response initiated?
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What is the source of Interferon-y (IFN-y)?
What is the source of Interferon-y (IFN-y)?
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Which of the following compounds are produced by macrophages that have been activated to produce oxygen-dependent compounds?
Which of the following compounds are produced by macrophages that have been activated to produce oxygen-dependent compounds?
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What is a substance capable of eliciting a specific immune response?
What is a substance capable of eliciting a specific immune response?
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Which of the following statements about penicillins is INCORRECT?
Which of the following statements about penicillins is INCORRECT?
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Which of the following is NOT a nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor?
Which of the following is NOT a nucleic acid synthesis inhibitor?
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Which of the following antibiotic toxicities is correctly paired?
Which of the following antibiotic toxicities is correctly paired?
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Which of the following antibiotics is considered bacteriostatic?
Which of the following antibiotics is considered bacteriostatic?
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Which of the following statements about metronidazole is INCORRECT?
Which of the following statements about metronidazole is INCORRECT?
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Which of the following antibiotics functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor?
Which of the following antibiotics functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor?
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Study Notes
Antibiotics
- Most penicillins only cross the blood-brain barrier when the meninges are inflamed.
- Penicillins inhibit cross-linkage of peptidoglycans in the cell wall.
- Piperacillin is a penicillin active against Pseudomonas.
- Only about 5-10% of people with a past history of penicillin allergy have a reaction on re-exposure.
- Norfloxacillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, and rifampicin inhibit nucleic acid synthesis.
- Enamel dysplasia is common with aminoglycosides.
- Grey Baby Syndrome occurs with rifampicin use.
- A disulfiram-like reaction can occur with macrolides.
- Haemolytic anaemias can occur with sulphonamide use.
- Nephritis is the most common adverse reaction with isoniazid.
- Chloramphenicol is bacteriostatic.
- Metronidazole is used to treat giardia and is effective against trichomonas vaginalis.
- It causes a metallic taste in the mouth and inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase.
Flow of Genetic Information
- The correct flow of genetic information in cells is: DNA to RNA to protein.
DNA Synthesis
- The correct DNA sequence synthesized using 5'-CAGTTCGGA-3' as a template is: 3'-GTCAAGCCT-5'.
tRNA Binding Site
- During elongation in translation, an incoming charged tRNA molecule binds to the A site of the ribosome.
Bacterial Transcription
- The σ subunit of the RNA polymerase is involved in the initiation stage of bacterial transcription.
Transcriptional Control
- Negative transcriptional control regulates gene expression by preventing transcription, while positive transcriptional control regulates gene expression by promoting transcription.
- Inducible genes are regulated by negative transcriptional control, while repressible genes are regulated by positive transcriptional control.
Immune System
- Innate immunity is antigen-independent and the first defense.
- The thymus is the site for maturation of T cells, not B cells.
- Peyer patch is a mini lymph node.
- Macrophage is not the only source of interleukin-6 (IL-6).
- Ig M antibodies play a role in protection against bacteria, not helminth infection.
Initiation of Immune Response
- The immune response is initiated in the lymph node.
Sources of Interferon-y and Other Compounds
- The source of Interferon-y (IFN-y) is Natural killer cells.
- Macrophages produce nitric oxide and lysozyme when activated to produce oxygen-dependent compounds.
Immunoglobulins
- The first immunoglobulin produced after antigen exposure is Ig M.
Antigen and Immunogen
- An antigen is a substance capable of eliciting a specific immune response.
- An immunogen is a substance capable of inducing an immune response.
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Description
This quiz questions tests your knowledge about penicillins, including their ability to cross the blood brain barrier, dosage adjustment in renal failure, and their mechanism of action.
