Pharmacology of the CNS II: Depression, Bipolar, and Psychosis

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What is the primary function of dopamine in the basal ganglia?

Regulation of autonomic functions

Regulation of emotion and mood

Regulation of motor control (correct)

Regulation of heart rate

What is the effect of norepinephrine on other neurotransmitters?

It has no effect on other neurotransmitters

It excites the release of other neurotransmitters

It inhibits the release of other neurotransmitters

It causes an excitatory response due to inhibition of other neurotransmitters (correct)

What is the primary function of acetylcholine in the CNS?

Regulation of heart rate and autonomic functions

Regulation of muscle membrane effects

Regulation of mood and emotion

Control of movement and selection of objects for attention (correct)

What is the location of norepinephrine in the CNS?

Pons and reticular formation Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of acetylcholine on postsynaptic membranes throughout the CNS?

Excitatory action Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft?

They are locally degraded Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of traditional antipsychotics?

Extrapyramidal motor concerns Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of atypical antipsychotics?

Safer and more predictable Signup and view all the answers

What is a concern for patients taking antipsychotics for more than 6 months?

Extrapyramidal motor concerns Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of dementia?

Plaque formation and accumulation of proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is a rehabilitative consideration for patients with dementia or Alzheimer's disease?

Low-stim structure and familiarity Signup and view all the answers

Who is often the first to notice posture and motor changes in patients taking antipsychotics?

Physical therapist Signup and view all the answers

What is a common neuro impairment associated with movement dysfunction?

Involuntary movements Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common neuro impairment?

Impaired hearing Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the disease that affects movement and is characterized by degeneration of the dopamine-producing neurons in the brain?

Parkinson's Disease Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is associated with a sudden, severe head injury?

TBI Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the condition that affects the nerve roots and peripheral nerves, leading to muscle weakness and other symptoms?

Guillain-Barré Syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible link to the development of ADHD in the brain?

Dopaminergic imbalances Signup and view all the answers

What are common side effects of stimulant medications used to treat ADHD?

Restless, difficulty sleeping, decreased appetite, and headache Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a non-stimulant medication used to treat ADHD?

Bupropion (Wellbutrin) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism by which increasing interest and enjoyment may improve learning and memory in individuals with ADHD?

By increasing dopamine release, leading to increased motivation Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of stimulant medication use in ADHD treatment?

Tics and psychiatric issues Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of dopamine in attention, learning, and memory?

Dopamine is involved in attention, learning, and memory Signup and view all the answers

What is a common indication for antidepressant drugs besides depression?

Insomnia Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mechanism of action of Lithium in treating Bipolar Disorder?

Competing with other elements for neural excitability Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the group of mental disorders characterized by marked thought disturbance and an impaired perception of reality?

Psychosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the sensation of motor restlessness and inability to sit or lie still?

Akathisia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of dopamine in the brain?

Coordination of voluntary movements Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the irreversible, involuntary, and fragmented movements of the oral and facial muscles?

Tardive Dyskinesia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of antipsychotic medications?

Blocking dopamine receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the decreased motivation and disinterest in activities and learning associated with low dopamine levels?

Anhedonia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of antidepressant medications in chronic pain management?

To provide analgesia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the symptoms similar to Parkinson Disease, including shuffled gait, mask facies, and resting tremor, caused by antipsychotic medications?

Pseudoparkinsonism Signup and view all the answers