Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary neurotransmitter released by the parasympathetic nerves that contributes to erection?
What is the primary neurotransmitter released by the parasympathetic nerves that contributes to erection?
- Nitric oxide (correct)
- Acetylcholine
- Adrenaline
- Norepinephrine
What is the effect of sympathetic nerves on blood vessels during erection?
What is the effect of sympathetic nerves on blood vessels during erection?
- Increased venous outflow
- No effect on blood vessels
- Constriction of blood vessels (correct)
- Dilation of blood vessels
What is the process by which nitric oxide is released at the synapse?
What is the process by which nitric oxide is released at the synapse?
- Action potential causes release of calcium into the synapse (correct)
- Calcium release from the endoplasmic reticulum
- Nitric oxide is released spontaneously
- Synaptic vesicle exocytosis
What is the mechanism of action of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors in treating erectile dysfunction?
What is the mechanism of action of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors in treating erectile dysfunction?
What is the primary cause of erectile dysfunction in men over 40?
What is the primary cause of erectile dysfunction in men over 40?
What is the effect of detumescence on the corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum?
What is the effect of detumescence on the corpus cavernosum and corpus spongiosum?
Which of the following medications is a non-selective alpha blocker that causes smooth muscle relaxation?
Which of the following medications is a non-selective alpha blocker that causes smooth muscle relaxation?
What is the primary mechanism of action of papaverine in the treatment of erectile dysfunction?
What is the primary mechanism of action of papaverine in the treatment of erectile dysfunction?
Which of the following is NOT a potential side effect of alprostadil injections?
Which of the following is NOT a potential side effect of alprostadil injections?
What is the primary mechanism of action of PGE1 in the treatment of erectile dysfunction?
What is the primary mechanism of action of PGE1 in the treatment of erectile dysfunction?
Which of the following is a potential complication of intercavernous injections?
Which of the following is a potential complication of intercavernous injections?
What is the primary mechanism of action of prostaglandin E1 in the treatment of erectile dysfunction?
What is the primary mechanism of action of prostaglandin E1 in the treatment of erectile dysfunction?
What enzyme is responsible for breaking down cGMP into GMP?
What enzyme is responsible for breaking down cGMP into GMP?
What is the mechanism by which nitric oxide leaves the synapse?
What is the mechanism by which nitric oxide leaves the synapse?
What is the role of parasympathetic arousal pathways in the mechanism of PDE5 inhibitors?
What is the role of parasympathetic arousal pathways in the mechanism of PDE5 inhibitors?
What is the therapeutic priority in the treatment of erectile dysfunction using PDE5 inhibitors?
What is the therapeutic priority in the treatment of erectile dysfunction using PDE5 inhibitors?
What is the site of action of PDE5 inhibitors in the treatment of erectile dysfunction?
What is the site of action of PDE5 inhibitors in the treatment of erectile dysfunction?
What is the effect of sildenafil citrate on the eyes?
What is the effect of sildenafil citrate on the eyes?
What is the mechanism by which the parasympathetic nervous system controls urination?
What is the mechanism by which the parasympathetic nervous system controls urination?
What is the primary cause of 'urge' incontinence?
What is the primary cause of 'urge' incontinence?
Which receptor type is responsible for contraction of the urethral sphincter?
Which receptor type is responsible for contraction of the urethral sphincter?
What is the mechanism of action of alpha 1 adrenoceptor agonists in treating stress incontinence?
What is the mechanism of action of alpha 1 adrenoceptor agonists in treating stress incontinence?
What is the primary mechanism of action of duloxetine in treating stress incontinence?
What is the primary mechanism of action of duloxetine in treating stress incontinence?
What is the primary side effect of alpha 1 adrenoceptor agonists?
What is the primary side effect of alpha 1 adrenoceptor agonists?
What is the primary effect of noradrenaline on A1 receptors in relation to urinary incontinence?
What is the primary effect of noradrenaline on A1 receptors in relation to urinary incontinence?
What is the primary mechanism of action of oestrogen therapy in reducing urinary incontinence in menopausal women?
What is the primary mechanism of action of oestrogen therapy in reducing urinary incontinence in menopausal women?
Which type of receptors do muscarinic antagonists like oxybutynin target in the treatment of urinary incontinence?
Which type of receptors do muscarinic antagonists like oxybutynin target in the treatment of urinary incontinence?
What is the primary indication for using beta 3 agonists like mirabegron in the treatment of urinary incontinence?
What is the primary indication for using beta 3 agonists like mirabegron in the treatment of urinary incontinence?
What is the primary advantage of oestrogen therapy in reducing urinary incontinence in menopausal women?
What is the primary advantage of oestrogen therapy in reducing urinary incontinence in menopausal women?
What is the primary side effect of muscarinic antagonists like oxybutynin in the treatment of urinary incontinence?
What is the primary side effect of muscarinic antagonists like oxybutynin in the treatment of urinary incontinence?
What is the primary mechanism by which stress incontinence occurs?
What is the primary mechanism by which stress incontinence occurs?
What is the estimated prevalence of urinary incontinence in the adult female population?
What is the estimated prevalence of urinary incontinence in the adult female population?
Which of the following is a common scenario in which stress incontinence may occur?
Which of the following is a common scenario in which stress incontinence may occur?
What is the term for the demonstrable involuntary loss of urine?
What is the term for the demonstrable involuntary loss of urine?
What is the common cause of displacement of the urethra downwards through the pelvic floor and out of the abdomen?
What is the common cause of displacement of the urethra downwards through the pelvic floor and out of the abdomen?
What is the comparative prevalence of urinary incontinence in males and females?
What is the comparative prevalence of urinary incontinence in males and females?
What is the primary mechanism of action of prostate shrinkers in treating enlarged prostate?
What is the primary mechanism of action of prostate shrinkers in treating enlarged prostate?
What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the regulation of prostate growth?
What is the role of the sympathetic nervous system in the regulation of prostate growth?
What is the effect of finasteride on prostate size and the need for surgery?
What is the effect of finasteride on prostate size and the need for surgery?
What is the primary side effect of finasteride in treating enlarged prostate?
What is the primary side effect of finasteride in treating enlarged prostate?
What is the mechanism of action of finasteride in treating enlarged prostate?
What is the mechanism of action of finasteride in treating enlarged prostate?
Which type of receptors is targeted by phentolamine to cause smooth muscle relaxation?
Which type of receptors is targeted by phentolamine to cause smooth muscle relaxation?
What is the primary mechanism of action of papaverine in treating erectile dysfunction?
What is the primary mechanism of action of papaverine in treating erectile dysfunction?
What is the role of androgens in prostate growth?
What is the role of androgens in prostate growth?
What is the primary mechanism of action of prostaglandin E1 in the treatment of erectile dysfunction?
What is the primary mechanism of action of prostaglandin E1 in the treatment of erectile dysfunction?
What is the primary neurotransmitter released by the parasympathetic nerves that contributes to erection?
What is the primary neurotransmitter released by the parasympathetic nerves that contributes to erection?
What is the primary mechanism of action of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors in treating erectile dysfunction?
What is the primary mechanism of action of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors in treating erectile dysfunction?
What is the primary effect of sympathetic nervous system activation on the smooth muscle of the penis?
What is the primary effect of sympathetic nervous system activation on the smooth muscle of the penis?
What is the primary effect of noradrenaline on the blood vessels during erection?
What is the primary effect of noradrenaline on the blood vessels during erection?
What is the primary mechanism by which phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors enhance erectile function?
What is the primary mechanism by which phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors enhance erectile function?
What is the primary role of parasympathetic nervous system in the regulation of erection?
What is the primary role of parasympathetic nervous system in the regulation of erection?
Which of the following is a consequence of inhibition of sympathetic nervous system in the context of erection?
Which of the following is a consequence of inhibition of sympathetic nervous system in the context of erection?
What is the primary mechanism of nitric oxide release at the synapse?
What is the primary mechanism of nitric oxide release at the synapse?
What is the primary consequence of activation of sympathetic nervous system in the context of erection?
What is the primary consequence of activation of sympathetic nervous system in the context of erection?
