Pharmacology of Diabetes Treatment: Non-Insulin Agents
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Questions and Answers

What is a potential benefit of metformin in younger and obese patients?

  • Reduced sensitivity to insulin
  • Increased production of glucose by the liver
  • Increased risk of lactic acidosis
  • Prevention of diabetes (correct)

    • What is a common side effect of sulfonylureas and meglitinides?

  • Upper respiratory tract infections
  • Lactic acidosis
  • Hypoglycemia (correct)
  • Sinusitis

    • How does acarbose work to lower blood sugar?

  • It delays absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine (correct)
  • It increases insulin release
  • It reduces production of glucose by the liver
  • It increases sensitivity to insulin

    • What is a potential complication of insulin therapy?

    <p>Hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should patients taking metformin avoid alcohol consumption?

    <p>It increases the risk of lactic acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of thiazolidinediones?

    <p>They decrease insulin resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of sitagliptin?

    <p>Minimizing the rate of inactivation of the hormone that stimulates insulin release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of pramlintide therapy in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Improved postprandial glucose regulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for levothyroxine therapy?

    <p>Treatment of hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected outcome of propylthiouracil therapy in hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Reduced production of thyroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between exenatide and sitagliptin?

    <p>Exenatide stimulates the pancreas, while sitagliptin minimizes inactivation of insulin stimulators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of using gliptins over other oral antidiabetic medications?

    <p>Lower risk of hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of 'tight control' in diabetes management?

    <p>To minimize the risk of microvascular complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following insulin types does not have a peak action?

    <p>Ultra-long acting insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for initiating drug therapy in Type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Failure of lifestyle modifications to control blood sugar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of increased caloric intake on insulin needs?

    <p>Insulin needs are increased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the administration route for insulin therapy?

    <p>Subcutaneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical starting point for drug therapy in Type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Metformin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of gliptins in diabetes management?

    <p>Reducing the risk of hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of amylin analogs in diabetes management?

    <p>Regulating glucose levels post-prandially</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for levothyroxine therapy?

    <p>Hypothyroidism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of incretin mimetics on pancreatic insulin secretion?

    <p>Increase insulin secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of propylthiouracil therapy in hyperthyroidism?

    <p>Decreasing thyroid hormone production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of gliptins?

    <p>Runny nose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which oral antidiabetic medication does not cause hypoglycemia as a side effect?

    <p>Metformin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of decreased caloric intake on insulin needs?

    <p>Decreased insulin needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect of sulfonylureas and meglitinides?

    <p>Hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of medication stimulates insulin release?

    <p>Sulfonylureas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of thiazolidinediones?

    <p>Increasing insulin sensitivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of stopping certain medications on insulin needs?

    <p>Decreased insulin needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of dietary measures in the treatment of Type 1 diabetes?

    <p>To be the cornerstone of treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of long-acting insulin?

    <p>It does not have a peak action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for increasing insulin dosage in some cases?

    <p>To accommodate increased caloric intake or weight gain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of 'tight control' in Type 1 diabetes management?

    <p>It helps to reduce microvascular complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common method of administering insulin?

    <p>Subcutaneously, using a syringe and needle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of pregnancy on insulin needs?

    <p>Insulin needs are increased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of weight reduction on insulin needs?

    <p>Decreased</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of biguanides?

    <p>Reduce glucose production by the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which oral antidiabetic medication is least likely to cause hypoglycemia?

    <p>Biguanides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors on carbohydrate metabolism?

    <p>Delay absorption of carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is not an oral antidiabetic?

    <p>Insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary advantage of thiazolidinediones in diabetes management?

    <p>Decrease insulin resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of sitagliptin on the hormone that stimulates insulin release?

    <p>It minimizes the rate of inactivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of pramlintide therapy in diabetes management?

    <p>It helps regulate glucose levels postprandially</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of levothyroxine therapy in hypothyroidism?

    <p>To replace the missing thyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of propylthiouracil therapy in hyperthyroidism?

    <p>It decreases the production of thyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action of exenatide?

    <p>It stimulates the pancreas to secrete insulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary indication for initiating pramlintide therapy in diabetes management?

    <p>Both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical starting point for drug therapy in Type 2 diabetes?

    <p>Lifestyle measures plus metformin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of long-acting insulin?

    <p>Does not have a peak</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of 'tight control' in diabetes management?

    <p>To reduce microvascular complications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of increased caloric intake on insulin needs?

    <p>Increased insulin needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the administration route for insulin therapy?

    <p>Subcutaneous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of dietary measures in the treatment of Type 1 diabetes?

    <p>To complement insulin therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

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