54 Questions
What is a potential benefit of metformin in younger and obese patients?
Prevention of diabetes
What is a common side effect of sulfonylureas and meglitinides?
Hypoglycemia
How does acarbose work to lower blood sugar?
It delays absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine
What is a potential complication of insulin therapy?
Hypoglycemia
Why should patients taking metformin avoid alcohol consumption?
It increases the risk of lactic acidosis
What is the mechanism of action of thiazolidinediones?
They decrease insulin resistance
What is the primary mechanism of action of sitagliptin?
Minimizing the rate of inactivation of the hormone that stimulates insulin release
What is the main benefit of pramlintide therapy in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?
Improved postprandial glucose regulation
What is the primary indication for levothyroxine therapy?
Treatment of hypothyroidism
What is the expected outcome of propylthiouracil therapy in hyperthyroidism?
Reduced production of thyroid hormones
What is the main difference between exenatide and sitagliptin?
Exenatide stimulates the pancreas, while sitagliptin minimizes inactivation of insulin stimulators
What is the primary advantage of using gliptins over other oral antidiabetic medications?
Lower risk of hypoglycemia
What is the primary goal of 'tight control' in diabetes management?
To minimize the risk of microvascular complications
Which of the following insulin types does not have a peak action?
Ultra-long acting insulin
What is the primary indication for initiating drug therapy in Type 2 diabetes?
Failure of lifestyle modifications to control blood sugar
What is the consequence of increased caloric intake on insulin needs?
Insulin needs are increased
What is the administration route for insulin therapy?
Subcutaneous
What is the typical starting point for drug therapy in Type 2 diabetes?
Metformin
What is the primary benefit of gliptins in diabetes management?
Reducing the risk of hypoglycemia
What is the role of amylin analogs in diabetes management?
Regulating glucose levels post-prandially
What is the primary indication for levothyroxine therapy?
Hypothyroidism
What is the effect of incretin mimetics on pancreatic insulin secretion?
Increase insulin secretion
What is the primary goal of propylthiouracil therapy in hyperthyroidism?
Decreasing thyroid hormone production
What is a common side effect of gliptins?
Runny nose
Which oral antidiabetic medication does not cause hypoglycemia as a side effect?
Metformin
What is the effect of decreased caloric intake on insulin needs?
Decreased insulin needs
What is a common side effect of sulfonylureas and meglitinides?
Hypoglycemia
Which type of medication stimulates insulin release?
Sulfonylureas
What is the primary mechanism of action of thiazolidinediones?
Increasing insulin sensitivity
What is the effect of stopping certain medications on insulin needs?
Decreased insulin needs
What is the primary role of dietary measures in the treatment of Type 1 diabetes?
To be the cornerstone of treatment
What is the characteristic of long-acting insulin?
It does not have a peak action
What is the reason for increasing insulin dosage in some cases?
To accommodate increased caloric intake or weight gain
What is the significance of 'tight control' in Type 1 diabetes management?
It helps to reduce microvascular complications
What is the common method of administering insulin?
Subcutaneously, using a syringe and needle
What is the effect of pregnancy on insulin needs?
Insulin needs are increased
What is the effect of weight reduction on insulin needs?
Decreased
What is the primary mechanism of action of biguanides?
Reduce glucose production by the liver
Which oral antidiabetic medication is least likely to cause hypoglycemia?
Biguanides
What is the primary effect of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors on carbohydrate metabolism?
Delay absorption of carbohydrates
Which of the following medications is not an oral antidiabetic?
Insulin
What is the primary advantage of thiazolidinediones in diabetes management?
Decrease insulin resistance
What is the primary effect of sitagliptin on the hormone that stimulates insulin release?
It minimizes the rate of inactivation
What is the main benefit of pramlintide therapy in diabetes management?
It helps regulate glucose levels postprandially
What is the primary goal of levothyroxine therapy in hypothyroidism?
To replace the missing thyroid hormone
What is the primary effect of propylthiouracil therapy in hyperthyroidism?
It decreases the production of thyroid hormone
What is the primary mechanism of action of exenatide?
It stimulates the pancreas to secrete insulin
What is the primary indication for initiating pramlintide therapy in diabetes management?
Both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes
What is the typical starting point for drug therapy in Type 2 diabetes?
Lifestyle measures plus metformin
What is the characteristic of long-acting insulin?
Does not have a peak
What is the primary goal of 'tight control' in diabetes management?
To reduce microvascular complications
What is the effect of increased caloric intake on insulin needs?
Increased insulin needs
What is the administration route for insulin therapy?
Subcutaneous
What is the primary role of dietary measures in the treatment of Type 1 diabetes?
To complement insulin therapy
Test your knowledge of non-insulin injectable agents used to treat diabetes, including gliptins, amylin analogs, and incretin mimetics. Learn about their mechanisms of action, side effects, and indications for use in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.
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