Pharmacology of Diabetes Treatment: Non-Insulin Agents

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Questions and Answers

What is a potential benefit of metformin in younger and obese patients?

  • Reduced sensitivity to insulin
  • Increased production of glucose by the liver
  • Increased risk of lactic acidosis
  • Prevention of diabetes (correct)

What is a common side effect of sulfonylureas and meglitinides?

  • Upper respiratory tract infections
  • Lactic acidosis
  • Hypoglycemia (correct)
  • Sinusitis

How does acarbose work to lower blood sugar?

  • It delays absorption of carbohydrates in the intestine (correct)
  • It increases insulin release
  • It reduces production of glucose by the liver
  • It increases sensitivity to insulin

What is a potential complication of insulin therapy?

<p>Hypoglycemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why should patients taking metformin avoid alcohol consumption?

<p>It increases the risk of lactic acidosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of thiazolidinediones?

<p>They decrease insulin resistance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of sitagliptin?

<p>Minimizing the rate of inactivation of the hormone that stimulates insulin release (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of pramlintide therapy in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes?

<p>Improved postprandial glucose regulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for levothyroxine therapy?

<p>Treatment of hypothyroidism (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected outcome of propylthiouracil therapy in hyperthyroidism?

<p>Reduced production of thyroid hormones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between exenatide and sitagliptin?

<p>Exenatide stimulates the pancreas, while sitagliptin minimizes inactivation of insulin stimulators (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of using gliptins over other oral antidiabetic medications?

<p>Lower risk of hypoglycemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of 'tight control' in diabetes management?

<p>To minimize the risk of microvascular complications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following insulin types does not have a peak action?

<p>Ultra-long acting insulin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for initiating drug therapy in Type 2 diabetes?

<p>Failure of lifestyle modifications to control blood sugar (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of increased caloric intake on insulin needs?

<p>Insulin needs are increased (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the administration route for insulin therapy?

<p>Subcutaneous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical starting point for drug therapy in Type 2 diabetes?

<p>Metformin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of gliptins in diabetes management?

<p>Reducing the risk of hypoglycemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of amylin analogs in diabetes management?

<p>Regulating glucose levels post-prandially (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for levothyroxine therapy?

<p>Hypothyroidism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of incretin mimetics on pancreatic insulin secretion?

<p>Increase insulin secretion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of propylthiouracil therapy in hyperthyroidism?

<p>Decreasing thyroid hormone production (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of gliptins?

<p>Runny nose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which oral antidiabetic medication does not cause hypoglycemia as a side effect?

<p>Metformin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of decreased caloric intake on insulin needs?

<p>Decreased insulin needs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common side effect of sulfonylureas and meglitinides?

<p>Hypoglycemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of medication stimulates insulin release?

<p>Sulfonylureas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of thiazolidinediones?

<p>Increasing insulin sensitivity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of stopping certain medications on insulin needs?

<p>Decreased insulin needs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of dietary measures in the treatment of Type 1 diabetes?

<p>To be the cornerstone of treatment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of long-acting insulin?

<p>It does not have a peak action (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for increasing insulin dosage in some cases?

<p>To accommodate increased caloric intake or weight gain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of 'tight control' in Type 1 diabetes management?

<p>It helps to reduce microvascular complications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common method of administering insulin?

<p>Subcutaneously, using a syringe and needle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of pregnancy on insulin needs?

<p>Insulin needs are increased (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of weight reduction on insulin needs?

<p>Decreased (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of biguanides?

<p>Reduce glucose production by the liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which oral antidiabetic medication is least likely to cause hypoglycemia?

<p>Biguanides (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors on carbohydrate metabolism?

<p>Delay absorption of carbohydrates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is not an oral antidiabetic?

<p>Insulin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary advantage of thiazolidinediones in diabetes management?

<p>Decrease insulin resistance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of sitagliptin on the hormone that stimulates insulin release?

<p>It minimizes the rate of inactivation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main benefit of pramlintide therapy in diabetes management?

<p>It helps regulate glucose levels postprandially (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of levothyroxine therapy in hypothyroidism?

<p>To replace the missing thyroid hormone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of propylthiouracil therapy in hyperthyroidism?

<p>It decreases the production of thyroid hormone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of exenatide?

<p>It stimulates the pancreas to secrete insulin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for initiating pramlintide therapy in diabetes management?

<p>Both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical starting point for drug therapy in Type 2 diabetes?

<p>Lifestyle measures plus metformin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of long-acting insulin?

<p>Does not have a peak (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of 'tight control' in diabetes management?

<p>To reduce microvascular complications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increased caloric intake on insulin needs?

<p>Increased insulin needs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the administration route for insulin therapy?

<p>Subcutaneous (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of dietary measures in the treatment of Type 1 diabetes?

<p>To complement insulin therapy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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