Pharmacology of Amphetamines and Migraine Medications
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What is the mechanism of action of amphetamines?

  • They inhibit the release of norepinephrine and dopamine.
  • They increase the production of acetylcholine.
  • They block the reuptake of serotonin and dopamine.
  • They stimulate the release of norepinephrine and dopamine. (correct)
  • Which of the following medications is NOT an amphetamine?

  • Dexedrine
  • Adderall
  • Xenical (correct)
  • Ritalin
  • What is a potential adverse effect of amphetamine use?

  • Weight gain
  • Increased appetite
  • Decreased heart rate
  • Insomnia (correct)
  • What is the primary indication for the use of anorexiants?

    <p>Management of obesity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common medication used in the treatment of migraine headaches?

    <p>Sumatriptan (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an important nursing implication for patients taking amphetamine medications?

    <p>Administer the last dose 4-6 hours before bedtime (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential adverse effect of anti-migraine medications like triptans?

    <p>Vasoconstriction-related issues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for anti-migraine medications?

    <p>Constricting blood vessels in the brain (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common side effect associated with dopamine agonists used in treating Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Hallucinations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nursing action is most appropriate for a patient taking levodopa/carbidopa who experiences psychosis?

    <p>Administer clozapine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of MAO-B inhibitors used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Insomnia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nursing action is most appropriate for a patient taking dopamine releasers (e.g., amantadine) who experiences constipation?

    <p>Administer a high-fiber diet (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nursing action is most appropriate for a patient taking centrally acting anticholinergics (e.g., Benztropine) who experiences confusion?

    <p>Avoid confronting activities requiring alertness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common adverse effect of centrally acting anticholinergics (e.g., Benztropine) used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Atropine-like effects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism of action for centrally acting anticholinergics in the treatment of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Blocking acetylcholine receptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is an opioid antagonist used to reverse the effects of opioid overdose?

    <p>Naloxone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following opioids is considered an agonist-antagonist opioid?

    <p>Buprenorphine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential therapeutic use of opioid antagonists like naltrexone?

    <p>Treatment of opioid dependence by preventing euphoria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following routes of administration is NOT typically used for buprenorphine?

    <p>Oral (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key nursing consideration when administering opioid medications?

    <p>Monitoring for signs of respiratory depression (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications might be used to manage opioid-induced constipation in late-stage diseases?

    <p>Methylnaltrexone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential therapeutic use of agonist-antagonist opioids?

    <p>Reversal of opioid overdose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which route of administration is commonly used for naloxone administration?

    <p>Intravenous (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary concern when prescribing beta blockers?

    <p>Symptoms of bradycardia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom may be masked in diabetic patients taking certain medications?

    <p>Hypoglycemia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored when a patient is on anticonvulsants or tricyclic antidepressants?

    <p>Any unusual symptoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended practice for patients on medications that cause anticholinergic effects?

    <p>Practice good oral hygiene (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk when prescribing medications during pregnancy and lactation?

    <p>Potential fetal harm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common reason for treatment failure in epilepsy?

    <p>Non-adherence to the drug regimen (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What classifies a seizure as generalized onset?

    <p>Starts simultaneously in both hemispheres (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is documentation of seizure symptoms critical?

    <p>To assist in identifying the seizure type (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of anesthesia is particularly effective for procedures like nerve blocks?

    <p>Local Anesthesia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common adverse effect associated with local anesthetics?

    <p>Increased heart rate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common complication that can occur after spinal anesthesia?

    <p>Spinal headache (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common treatment option for a spinal headache?

    <p>Bed rest and analgesics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of nurses in the postoperative care of patients who have received anesthesia?

    <p>Monitoring vital signs and ensuring patient safety (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a non-pharmacological pain management technique?

    <p>Opioids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of effective pain management?

    <p>Regular reassessment of pain levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of anesthetic administration?

    <p>To minimize pain and discomfort (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential complication associated with aspirin use in children and adolescents with viral illnesses?

    <p>Reye's Syndrome (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary pharmacological action of acetaminophen?

    <p>Slowing production of prostaglandins in the central nervous system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these individuals should be advised to limit their daily acetaminophen intake to 2 g/day?

    <p>A client consuming more than three alcoholic drinks daily (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nursing action is appropriate when a client is suspected of having acetaminophen toxicity?

    <p>Administering acetylcysteine as an antidote via duodenal tube (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of acetaminophen?

    <p>Chronic alcohol use disorder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nursing action is appropriate when a client is taking warfarin and acetaminophen?

    <p>Monitoring prothrombin time and INR levels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a precautionary measure when administering NSAIDs?

    <p>Administering with food or milk to reduce gastric discomfort (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a client discontinue aspirin before elective surgery or childbirth?

    <p>One week before (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Overview of Epilepsy and Seizures

    • Epilepsy is a chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures resulting from uncontrolled electrical activity within the brain.
    • Seizures can lead to periods of convulsive behavior, significant muscle contractions, and loss of consciousness.
    • The terms seizure and convulsion are often used interchangeably but aren't synonymous with epilepsy.

    Status Epilepticus

    • A critical condition of continuous seizure activity with no interim recovery.
    • It can result in permanent brain damage or death.
    • It's considered a medical emergency requiring immediate intervention.

    Antiepileptic Drugs (AEDs)

    • Primary objectives are to control or prevent seizures and minimize adverse effects and toxicity from medication.
    • Therapy is typically long-term, often lifelong, and may involve single or combination drugs, with single-drug therapy usually being the initial approach.

    Mechanism of Action

    • These medications work by reducing the ability of neurons to stimulate and suppress the transmission of electrical impulses between nerves, and slow down nerve impulse conduction.

    Indications and Usage

    • These medications are used for the prevention and control of seizures.
    • It's used as maintenance therapy for chronic seizures.
    • Used for emergency treatment of convulsions and status epilepticus.

    Common AEDs and Their Characteristics

    • Barbiturates: Phenobarbital and Primidone.
      • Used to control seizures.
      • Common side effect includes sedation.
      • Blood levels must be monitored to stay within the therapeutic range.
    • Hydantoins: Phenytoin (Dilantin).
      • First-line drug for many years.
      • Adverse effects include gum hyperplasia, acne, hair growth, and bone loss.
      • Administered via slow IV with numerous incompatibilities .
      • Fosphenytoin (Cerebyx) is an injectable prodrug, less irritating than phenytoin.
    • Iminostilbenes: Carbamazepine (Tegretol).
      • Common for controlling seizures but has interactions inducing hepatic enzymes, leading to varied reactions.
    • Miscellaneous AEDs: Gabapentin (Neurontin) and Lamotrigine (Lamictal).
      • Gabapentin (Neurontin): Analog of GABA, used for partial seizures and neuropathy.Generally well-tolerated with possible CNS and GI symptoms.
      • Lamotrigine (Lamictal): Used for various seizure types, including those in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome; can cause eye problems.
    • Other AEDs: Levetiracetam (Keppra), Pregabalin (Lyrica), Topiramate (Topamax), Valproic Acid.

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    Related Documents

    Pharmacology Study Guide PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the mechanisms of action, indications, and nursing implications related to amphetamines and anti-migraine medications. Test your knowledge on potential adverse effects and appropriate nursing actions for these drug classes. Ideal for nursing students and healthcare professionals.

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