Pharmacology of Alcohol and Methanol Poisoning

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What is the effect of small doses of alcohol on the skin?

Flushing of skin (correct)

Decreased sweating

Pallor

Vasoconstriction

What is the effect of large doses of alcohol on the cardiovascular system?

Vasodilation and increased heart rate

Vasoconstriction and decreased heart rate

Myocardial depressant and fall in BP (correct)

Increased cardiac output and hypertension

What is the effect of chronic alcoholism on the liver?

Increased protein synthesis

Decreased lipid metabolism

Fatty liver and cirrhosis (correct)

Increased glucose metabolism

What is the effect of alcohol on the kidneys?

Diuretic effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the majority of alcohol metabolism pathway?

Ethyl alcohol → Acetaldehyde → Acetate Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of chronic alcoholism on the interaction with opioids and sedative-hypnotics?

Cross tolerance with these drugs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of disulfiram in the treatment of chronic alcoholism?

It inhibits the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase, leading to acetaldehyde accumulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential complication of chronic alcoholism that can occur in a pregnant female?

Fetal alcohol syndrome Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a management option for chronic alcoholism withdrawal?

Administration of antihistamines Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the brain lesion that can occur as a result of chronic alcoholism?

Wernicke's encephalopathy Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using naltrexone in the treatment of chronic alcoholism?

To prevent the pleasurable effects of alcohol Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the sedative hypnotic that is used in patients with impaired liver function?

Lorazepam Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of ethanol on the higher centres of the CNS at low doses?

Euphoria Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of ethanol in sunscreens?

Astringent Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ability of ethanol to produce a cooling sensation on the skin?

Rubefacient Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of moderate doses of ethanol on a person's motor skills?

Ataxia occurs Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of ethanol in surgical spirit?

70-90% Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of high doses of ethanol on a person's level of consciousness?

Stupor and unconsciousness occur Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of co-administration of metronidazole and alcohol?

Disulfiram-like reaction Signup and view all the answers

Why does inhibition of metabolism of certain drugs occur in acute alcoholism?

Decreased CYP 450 enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of chronic alcoholism?

Induction of microsomal enzymes Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of acute alcohol intoxication?

Hypoglycemia Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of pharmacokinetic tolerance in chronic alcoholism?

Subjective tolerance Signup and view all the answers

What is a treatment for acute alcohol intoxication?

Gastric lavage and correction of hypoglycemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of adding methyl alcohol to spirit?

To make it unfit for drinking Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of symptoms in methyl alcohol poisoning?

Formic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of administering sodium bicarbonate in methyl alcohol poisoning?

To treat acidosis and prevent retinal damage Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of fomepizole in the treatment of methyl alcohol poisoning?

To inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of folate therapy in methyl alcohol poisoning?

To promote oxidation of formic acid to CO2 and water Signup and view all the answers