29 Questions
What is the effect of small doses of alcohol on the skin?
Flushing of skin
What is the effect of large doses of alcohol on the cardiovascular system?
Myocardial depressant and fall in BP
What is the effect of chronic alcoholism on the liver?
Fatty liver and cirrhosis
What is the effect of alcohol on the kidneys?
Diuretic effect
What is the majority of alcohol metabolism pathway?
Ethyl alcohol → Acetaldehyde → Acetate
What is the effect of chronic alcoholism on the interaction with opioids and sedative-hypnotics?
Cross tolerance with these drugs
What is the primary mechanism of action of disulfiram in the treatment of chronic alcoholism?
It inhibits the enzyme aldehyde dehydrogenase, leading to acetaldehyde accumulation
What is the potential complication of chronic alcoholism that can occur in a pregnant female?
Fetal alcohol syndrome
Which of the following is NOT a management option for chronic alcoholism withdrawal?
Administration of antihistamines
What is the name of the brain lesion that can occur as a result of chronic alcoholism?
Wernicke's encephalopathy
What is the primary purpose of using naltrexone in the treatment of chronic alcoholism?
To prevent the pleasurable effects of alcohol
What is the name of the sedative hypnotic that is used in patients with impaired liver function?
Lorazepam
What is the primary effect of ethanol on the higher centres of the CNS at low doses?
Euphoria
What is the purpose of ethanol in sunscreens?
Astringent
What is the term for the ability of ethanol to produce a cooling sensation on the skin?
Rubefacient
What is the effect of moderate doses of ethanol on a person's motor skills?
Ataxia occurs
What is the percentage of ethanol in surgical spirit?
70-90%
What is the effect of high doses of ethanol on a person's level of consciousness?
Stupor and unconsciousness occur
What is the result of co-administration of metronidazole and alcohol?
Disulfiram-like reaction
Why does inhibition of metabolism of certain drugs occur in acute alcoholism?
Decreased CYP 450 enzymes
What is a characteristic of chronic alcoholism?
Induction of microsomal enzymes
What is a symptom of acute alcohol intoxication?
Hypoglycemia
What is a characteristic of pharmacokinetic tolerance in chronic alcoholism?
Subjective tolerance
What is a treatment for acute alcohol intoxication?
Gastric lavage and correction of hypoglycemia
What is the purpose of adding methyl alcohol to spirit?
To make it unfit for drinking
What is the primary cause of symptoms in methyl alcohol poisoning?
Formic acid
What is the purpose of administering sodium bicarbonate in methyl alcohol poisoning?
To treat acidosis and prevent retinal damage
What is the role of fomepizole in the treatment of methyl alcohol poisoning?
To inhibit alcohol dehydrogenase
What is the purpose of folate therapy in methyl alcohol poisoning?
To promote oxidation of formic acid to CO2 and water
Test your knowledge on the effects of alcohol and methanol on the human body, including pharmacological actions, pharmacokinetics, and management of acute and chronic poisoning. This quiz covers the signs, symptoms, and therapy of alcohol addiction and methanol poisoning.
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