Pharmacology of Agonist Drugs

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Questions and Answers

What are the primary indications for using Norepinephrine?

  • Hypotensive shock (correct)
  • Hypertension
  • Anaphylaxis
  • Cardiac Arrest (correct)

Which of the following medications is a direct-acting non-selective agonist?

  • Clonidine
  • Epinephrine (correct)
  • Norepinephrine
  • Pseudoephedrine

What is a contraindication for using Epinephrine?

  • Anaphylaxis
  • Decongestion
  • Hypotensive shock
  • Hypertension (correct)

What are the common side effects associated with Dopamine?

<p>Arrhythmias (B), Nausea (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism of action is associated with Clonidine?

<p>Activation of α2 receptors leading to decreased NE release (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary action of Phenylephrine is vasoconstriction. What is one of its main side effects?

<p>Chest pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the indications for using Pseudoephedrine?

<p>Decongestant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect for patients taking Clonidine?

<p>Hypotension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Epinephrine's effect on blood pressure

Epinephrine increases blood pressure by causing vasoconstriction (alpha1 receptors) and increasing heart rate and contractility (beta1 receptors).

Norepinephrine's primary action

Norepinephrine primarily causes vasoconstriction, increasing blood pressure, and also affects heart rate and contractility.

Dopamine's role in vasoconstriction

Dopamine can cause vasoconstriction through D1 and alpha1 receptors, but also has effects on heart rate and contractility through beta1 receptors.

Ephedrine's mechanism of action

Ephedrine activates adrenergic receptors and indirectly releases norepinephrine, causing effects like vasoconstriction and bronchodilation..

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Clonidine's impact on blood pressure

Clonidine, an alpha2-receptor agonist, lowers blood pressure by reducing norepinephrine release, slowing heart rate, and decreasing cardiac output.

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Phenylephrine's impact on blood vessels

Phenylephrine is an alpha1-receptor agonist, causing vasoconstriction and raising blood pressure.

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Epinephrine's indications

Epinephrine is used to treat severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis).

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Clonidine's indications

Clonidine is used to treat high blood pressure and other conditions.

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Study Notes

Agonist Drugs

  • Direct-Acting:

    • Epinephrine (Epi): MOA: Vasoconstriction, ↑ HR, ↑ BP, ↑ force, ↑ AV conduction, MI. Side effects: Arrhythmias, anxiety, headache, anaphylaxis. Indications: Arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, MI. Contraindications: Glaucoma, halothane anesthetic.
    • Norepinephrine: MOA: Vasoconstriction, ↑ HR, ↑ BP, ↑ force, ↑ AV conduction, MI. Side effects: Arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, hypertension, angina pectoris, hypotension. Indications: Hypertension, cardiac arrest. Contraindications: Hypotensive shock, pheochromocytoma.

  • Mixed-Acting:

    • Dopamine: MOA: D1, B1. Side effects: Arrhythmias, hypertension, angina, acute HF. Indications: Hypotensive shock, acute HF, angina. Contraindications: Acidosis.

  • Mixed-Acting (continued):

    • Ephedrine: MOA: ↑ NE & E, ↑ HR, ↑ BP. Side effects: Arrhythmias, ↑ BP, anxiety. Indications: Bronchodilation, nasal decongestion. Contraindications: Not mentioned.
    • Pseudoephedrine: MOA: ↑ NE, ↑ HR, ↑ BP. Side effects: ↑ BP, bradycardia, anxiety, vomiting, chest pain. Indications: Nasal decongestion. Contraindications: Not mentioned.

  • Selective Agonists:

    • Phenylephrine: MOA: α1 receptor activation, ↑ BP. Side effects: Hypertension, bradycardia, anxiety. Indications: Decongestant. Contraindications: Overactive thyroid, hypersensitivity.
    • Oxymetazoline: MOA: α1 activation, ↑ BP. Side effects: Hypertensive shock, arrhythmias. Indications: Nasal decongestion. Contraindications: Not mentioned.

α2-Agonists

  • Clonidine: MOA: ↓ NE release, ↓ HR, ↓ BP. Side effects: Hypotension, bradycardia, insomnia. Indications: Hypertension. Contraindications: Pregnancy, heart attack, eye issues.

  • Methyldopa: MOA: ↓ NE release, ↓ HR, ↓ BP. Side effects: Hypotension, fatigue. Indications: Hypertension. Contraindications: Not widely used due to side effects.

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