Pharmacology Module 1 Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary site for renal excretion of drugs from the body?

  • Kidney (correct)
  • Lungs
  • Liver
  • Intestines

How does urine pH affect drug excretion?

  • It influences reabsorption of drugs from the nephron. (correct)
  • It enhances the drug's absorption in the bloodstream.
  • It does not have any effect on drug excretion.
  • It increases the toxicity of the drug.

What does the drug half-life (t1/2) indicate?

  • Time taken for a drug to become ineffective.
  • Time required for the plasma concentration of a drug to reduce by half. (correct)
  • Maximal therapeutic range of a drug.
  • Total duration for a drug to be metabolized completely.

What is the purpose of a loading dose?

<p>To achieve rapid absorption and shorter onset of action. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the therapeutic range?

<p>Concentration that produces a beneficial response without toxicity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym ED50 represent?

<p>Median effective dose for 50% of the population. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pharmacodynamic concept describes a drug that stimulates a response?

<p>Agonist (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated when a patient's response to a standard drug dose is significantly lower than expected?

<p>The drug may be ineffective for this patient. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a higher therapeutic index (TI) suggest about a drug?

<p>It is safer with a larger margin between effective and lethal doses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is interpatient variability in drug response defined?

<p>Difference in metabolism rates among patients. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which phase of drug response is the intensity of response expected to increase linearly?

<p>Phase 2 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected outcome if a drug is reabsorbed with bile during enterohepatic recirculation?

<p>Longer duration of action (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which parameter is used to assess kidney function?

<p>Creatinine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does pharmacodynamics primarily focus on?

<p>Drug mechanisms of action and effects on the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes the term 'bioavailability'?

<p>The amount of the drug that enters the systemic circulation unchanged (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary disadvantage of the enteral route of drug administration?

<p>Drugs can be rendered inactive by stomach acid. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best explains 'metabolism' in the context of pharmacology?

<p>The body's process of altering drug structure to facilitate excretion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The primary site for drug metabolism is:

<p>Liver (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which pharmacokinetic process does a drug move from the bloodstream to the target tissues?

<p>Distribution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT affect the rate of absorption of drugs?

<p>Patient's age (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term best describes the transport of water across a membrane down its concentration gradient?

<p>Osmosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following formulations is NOT typically used for enteral administration?

<p>Creams (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a key advantage of parenteral drug administration?

<p>It avoids the first pass metabolism. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best captures the importance of pharmacokinetics?

<p>It outlines how the body affects a drug over time. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT affect drug distribution?

<p>Drug suction characteristics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The phenomenon where drug interactions occur due to competition for binding sites on plasma proteins is known as:

<p>Protein binding displacement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a drug that becomes less effective due to metabolism?

<p>Inactive form (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Among the following, which process occurs last in pharmacokinetics?

<p>Excretion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to receptor numbers when a cell is chronically exposed to an agonist?

<p>Receptor numbers decrease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the role of antagonists?

<p>Prevent action of endogenous substances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is pharmacogenetics concerned with?

<p>Genetic variation in drug responses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing drug response variations?

<p>Dietary habits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a partial agonist?

<p>Mimics endogenous substances weakly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does genetic polymorphism refer to?

<p>Mutation resulting in variations of a protein (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does chronic exposure to a receptor antagonist typically affect receptor numbers?

<p>Increases receptor numbers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal characteristic of drug in terms of interaction with other substances?

<p>Should not interact with food or other drugs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is NOT a feature of an ideal drug?

<p>Has a high cost (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact might gender have on drug response?

<p>Women seek healthcare earlier than men (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes pharmacogenomics?

<p>Analysis of genes affecting drug response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be a result of abrupt withdrawal from antihypertensive drugs?

<p>Strokes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of pharmacodynamics?

<p>The effects and mechanisms of drugs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these factors can affect pharmacokinetics?

<p>Fat to muscle ratios (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Flashcards

Agonist

A drug that mimics the action of endogenous substances, often producing a stronger response.

Partial Agonist

A drug that produces a weaker response compared to the endogenous substance it is mimicking

Antagonist

A drug that blocks the action of endogenous substances by competing for receptor binding sites.

Pharmacogenetics

The study of how genetic variations influence a patient's response to drugs.

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Pharmacogenomics

The study of how a person's entire genetic makeup influences their response to drug therapy.

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Downregulation

The process where a cell reduces the number of receptors for a hormone in response to prolonged exposure.

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Upregulation

The process where a cell increases the number of receptors for a hormone in response to prolonged exposure to an antagonist

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Genetic polymorphism

A mutation in a gene that results in different versions of the same protein.

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Gender Influences on Pharmacotherapy

The study of how gender differences can affect drug response and effectiveness.

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Characteristics of an Ideal Drug

The characteristics that make a drug ideal for treating a condition.

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Therapeutic Classification

The classification of drugs based on their therapeutic use.

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Pharmacologic Classification

The classification of drugs based on how they achieve their therapeutic effect.

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Individualized Drug Response

Differences in drug responses between individuals due to factors like genetics, gender, and lifestyle.

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Pharmacokinetic Variations

The study of how variations in a drug's metabolism impact its effectiveness and side effects.

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Pharmacodynamic Variations

The study of how variations in a person's response to a drug impact its therapeutic effectiveness.

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Excretion

The process of removing a drug from the body, primarily through the kidneys.

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Kidney

The primary site for drug excretion, filtering drugs into the urine.

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Secondary Excretion

Other ways drugs leave the body, like through the lungs, sweat, or feces.

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Drug Half-Life

The amount of time it takes for the concentration of a drug in the blood to decrease by half.

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Therapeutic Range

The range of drug concentration in blood that produces a desired therapeutic effect.

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Onset

The time it takes for a drug to reach its effective concentration in the blood.

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Duration

The duration of time that a drug remains at therapeutic levels.

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Termination

The time it takes for the drug to drop below the therapeutic range.

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Loading Dose

A larger initial dose given to quickly reach therapeutic levels.

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Maintenance Dose

Doses given regularly to maintain the drug within the therapeutic range.

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Pharmacodynamics

The study of how a drug interacts with the body to create a response.

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ED50

The dose at which 50% of the population shows a desired therapeutic response.

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TD50

The dose at which 50% of the population shows signs of toxicity.

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Pharmacology

The study of how medications work in the body, including their actions, effects, and how they are processed.

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Drug

Any substance that produces a biological response in the body.

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Medication

A drug specifically administered for therapeutic purposes, meaning it is given to treat or prevent a disease.

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Ten Rights of Drug Administration

Ensuring the right patient receives the right medication at the right dose, time, route, and with proper documentation, education, and evaluation for drug interactions.

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Three Checks of Drug Administration

Verifying the medication label against the MAR three times: before removing from storage, during preparation, and just before administration.

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Common Types of Drug Orders

A single order is for one-time administration, a continuous order is ongoing, a standing order is routine for specific situations, and a PRN order is given as needed.

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Absorption

The process by which a drug enters the bloodstream, often from the gastrointestinal tract, and is available for distribution.

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Distribution

The delivery of a drug from the bloodstream to its target tissue.

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Metabolism

The breakdown of a drug by the body, primarily in the liver, into metabolites.

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Diffusion

The movement of a chemical from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration, requiring no energy.

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Facilitated Diffusion

The movement of a substance across a membrane with the help of a transport protein, but still relying on a concentration gradient.

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Active Transport

The movement of a substance from a region of low concentration to high concentration, requiring energy.

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Study Notes

Pharmacology Module 1

  • Pharmacology is the study of medications and their impact on biological responses.
  • A drug is a substance that can produce a biological response, while a medication is a drug used to produce a therapeutic response.
  • The ten rights of drug administration are crucial for safe practice:
    • Right Patient/Client
    • Right Drug
    • Right Dose
    • Right Route
    • Right Time
    • Right Frequency
    • Right Documentation
    • Right Drug-Drug interaction and evaluation
    • Right education and information for patient
    • Right to refuse

Drug Administration Abbreviations

  • Common abbreviations used in drug orders are listed in a table.
    • Abbreviations translate to particular instructions (e.g., "ac" means before meals).

Three Checks of Drug Administration

  • The Medication Administration Record (MAR) is used for checking drugs prior to administration.
  • The three checks are:
    • Check drug with the MAR at drug storage site
    • Check drug when preparing for administration
    • Check again just before administering to the patient.

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Midterm 1 Pharmacology PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on pharmacology fundamentals, including the ten rights of drug administration and common abbreviations used in drug orders. This quiz will challenge your understanding of safe medication practices and the three checks of drug administration. Prepare to enhance your skills in pharmacological care!

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