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Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of pharmacodynamics?
What is the primary focus of pharmacodynamics?
What type of drug binds to receptors and activates them?
What type of drug binds to receptors and activates them?
What is the term for the ability of a drug to target a specific organism or cell type?
What is the term for the ability of a drug to target a specific organism or cell type?
What is the graph showing the relationship between the dose of a drug and its effect called?
What is the graph showing the relationship between the dose of a drug and its effect called?
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What is the effect of two or more drugs producing a lesser effect than the sum of their individual effects?
What is the effect of two or more drugs producing a lesser effect than the sum of their individual effects?
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What is the term for the maximum effect that a drug can produce?
What is the term for the maximum effect that a drug can produce?
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What is the study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs?
What is the study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs?
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What is the term for the amount of drug required to produce a specific effect?
What is the term for the amount of drug required to produce a specific effect?
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Study Notes
Introduction to Pharmacology
- Study of the effects of drugs on living organisms
- Involves understanding of pharmacodynamics (what the drug does to the body) and pharmacokinetics (what the body does to the drug)
Pharmacodynamics
- Study of the biochemical and physiological effects of drugs on the body
- Involves understanding of:
- Mechanism of action: how the drug works at the molecular level
- Receptor binding: how the drug interacts with specific receptors in the body
- Dose-response relationship: how the effect of the drug changes with increasing dose
Pharmacokinetics
- Study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of drugs
- Involves understanding of:
- Absorption: how the drug enters the body
- Distribution: how the drug is transported to its site of action
- Metabolism: how the drug is broken down by the body
- Excretion: how the drug is eliminated from the body
Drug Types
- Agonists: bind to receptors and activate them
- Antagonists: bind to receptors and block their activation
- Partial agonists: bind to receptors and activate them, but not as strongly as full agonists
- Inverse agonists: bind to receptors and reduce their activity
Pharmacological Effects
- Therapeutic effects: desired effects of the drug
- Adverse effects: undesired effects of the drug
- Side effects: effects of the drug that are not related to its therapeutic effect
- Toxic effects: harmful effects of the drug
Drug Interactions
- Synergism: two or more drugs produce a greater effect than the sum of their individual effects
- Antagonism: two or more drugs produce a lesser effect than the sum of their individual effects
- Potentiation: one drug increases the effect of another drug without affecting its own effect
Pharmacological Principles
- Dose-response curve: a graph showing the relationship between the dose of a drug and its effect
- Potency: the amount of drug required to produce a specific effect
- Efficacy: the maximum effect that a drug can produce
- Selective toxicity: the ability of a drug to target a specific organism or cell type
Pharmacology Overview
- Study of the effects of drugs on living organisms
Pharmacodynamics
- Study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs on the body
- Involves understanding mechanism of action, receptor binding, and dose-response relationship
Mechanism of Action
- How a drug works at the molecular level
Receptor Binding
- How a drug interacts with specific receptors in the body
Dose-Response Relationship
- How the effect of a drug changes with increasing dose
Pharmacokinetics
- Study of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of drugs
- Involves understanding how a drug enters the body, is transported, broken down, and eliminated
Absorption
- How a drug enters the body
Distribution
- How a drug is transported to its site of action
Metabolism
- How a drug is broken down by the body
Excretion
- How a drug is eliminated from the body
Drug Types
- Agonists: bind to receptors and activate them
- Antagonists: bind to receptors and block their activation
- Partial Agonists: bind to receptors and activate them, but not as strongly as full agonists
- Inverse Agonists: bind to receptors and reduce their activity
Pharmacological Effects
- Therapeutic Effects: desired effects of the drug
- Adverse Effects: undesired effects of the drug
- Side Effects: effects of the drug not related to its therapeutic effect
- Toxic Effects: harmful effects of the drug
Drug Interactions
- Synergism: two or more drugs produce a greater effect than the sum of their individual effects
- Antagonism: two or more drugs produce a lesser effect than the sum of their individual effects
- Potentiation: one drug increases the effect of another drug without affecting its own effect
Pharmacological Principles
- Dose-Response Curve: graph showing the relationship between dose and effect
- Potency: amount of drug required to produce a specific effect
- Efficacy: maximum effect that a drug can produce
- Selective Toxicity: ability of a drug to target a specific organism or cell type
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Description
Study of the effects of drugs on living organisms, including pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics.
