Pharmacology for EMS - Week 3

<p>Competitive antagonist (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lock &amp; key principle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mechanism of action (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It triggers a biological response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drug targets can include receptor sites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The number of drug receptor sites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Receptors, Ion Channels, Enzymes, Carrier molecules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lock and Key Principle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Drug enzyme interactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It may or may not enter the bloodstream (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The drug must have the right dimensions and properties. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The drug causes a prolonged effect. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beta-adrenoreceptor. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They assist in chemical reactions by binding to a substrate. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct contact with the cell or membrane. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can alter the receptor structure permanently. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A drug that binds but does not activate the receptor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They directly affect the cells or membranes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher the dose, the higher the concentration and effect until a plateau is reached. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The likeliness of a drug to interact and bind with a receptor. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The physiological response reaches maximum capacity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It effectively binds to receptors and produces a significant response. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Differences in the affinity and binding strength to receptors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing the dose of the drug. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its ability to produce a biological response at low concentrations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Efficacy reaches a peak and then plateaus. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It achieves minimal additional therapeutic effect. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absorption rate and metabolism. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Efficacy requires both receptor occupation and activation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Greater physiological response. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A dose that does not produce measurable biological effects. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The likelihood of activating the receptor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Absorption rate plays a crucial role in determining medication concentration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A maximal physiological response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Why drugs can bind without producing effects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antagonists can inhibit other drugs from binding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bind temporarily and can be overcome by increased agonist dose (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They permanently bind and cannot be overcome by increasing agonist doses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gradual diminishing of drug effects with continuous use (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the ability to occupy receptors without activating them (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It prevents other drugs from binding without causing an effect (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How a drug works and interacts with receptors, other drugs, and enzyme systems in the body.

A drug that produces a desired response after binding to a receptor.

A drug that diminishes or stops the response caused by an agonist.

A temporary or reversible antagonist where increasing the agonist can overcome.

A drug that binds irreversibly at the receptor site, regardless of agonist amount.

How a drug works at the target tissue level. It describes the specific molecular interactions and processes that lead to the drug's effect.

Specific molecules or sites on the cells or tissues that drugs bind to in order to produce their effects.

Specialized protein molecules on cell surfaces or within cells that bind to specific drugs and initiate a biological response.

The binding of a drug to its receptor, leading to a change in the receptor's activity and ultimately a physiological effect.

The four main kinds of regulatory proteins commonly involved as drug targets are: 1) Receptors, 2) Ion Channels, 3) Enzymes, 4) Carrier Molecules (Transporters).

Receptors are specific in terms of which molecules they interact with. This specificity is based on factors like shape, size and charge.

The idea that a drug molecule must fit perfectly into a receptor site, like a key in a lock, to activate a response.

Cells only respond to drugs that match their specific receptors.

Drugs that interact with the same receptor and produce similar effects often have similar generic names.

When a drug temporarily attaches to a receptor, then detaches, stopping the effect.

When a drug permanently attaches to a receptor, causing a long-lasting effect.

Drugs influence chemical reactions in the body by interacting with enzymes, either speeding them up or slowing them down.

Drugs that work directly on cells or membranes, without needing receptors or enzymes.

Some medications contain electrolytes to influence fluid concentrations in the body.

The amount of medication administered, usually measured in milligrams (mg) or grams (g).

The relationship between the amount of drug given and the effect it produces. Higher doses generally lead to stronger effects, but there's a limit.

A graph that shows how the effect of a drug changes as the dose increases.

The tendency of a drug to bind to a specific receptor. Higher affinity means the drug is more likely to bind and stay bound.

A drug that produces a strong effect even at low concentrations. This is because it has high affinity.

The process where a drug binds to a receptor. It's needed for the drug to have an effect.

The point where all receptors in a cell are occupied by a drug. Further increasing the dose won't have a greater effect.

Increasing the concentration of a drug increases the number of receptors occupied, leading to a stronger effect. However, there is a limit.

A drug that can produce the maximum possible effect when it binds to a receptor, given enough drug concentration.

A drug that can only produce a sub-maximal effect, even when all receptors are occupied.

The ability of a drug to produce a response after binding to a receptor. It explains why some drugs can't achieve the maximum effect even when all receptors are occupied.

The effect of a drug gradually decreases when given continuously or repeatedly.

The tendency of a drug to bind to a receptor.

The ability of a drug to activate a receptor after binding. It's a graded response, meaning the stronger the efficacy, the greater the physiological response.

A dose of medication that is too low to have a measurable effect on the body.

The amount of a drug present in a specific volume of blood or tissue.

The range of drug concentrations that produces the desired therapeutic effect without causing unacceptable side effects.

Unwanted or harmful effects of a drug.

The dose administered, its absorption rate, distribution throughout the body, and metabolism all affect the concentration of a drug at its target site.

The strength of a drug's effect on a receptor depends on the concentration of the drug at that site.

Efficacy determines the magnitude of the physiological response a drug can produce, even if it binds to a receptor.