Pharmacology for EMS Week 1
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Questions and Answers

What is pharmacology primarily focused on?

  • The chemical composition of drugs
  • The ethical issues surrounding drug administration
  • The study of legal regulations regarding medication
  • The effects of drugs on the function of living systems (correct)

    • Which of the following best describes pharmacokinetics?

  • The therapeutic uses of various medications
  • The interaction of drugs with biological systems
  • The body’s effect on a drug, including absorption and elimination (correct)
  • The study of drug abuse and addiction

    • What should be evaluated in order to adjust a treatment plan effectively?

  • The frequency of medication errors
  • Only the patient's age and weight
  • The effectiveness of interventions (correct)
  • The legal implications of medication use

    • Which of these concepts is NOT a principle of pharmacology?

    <p>Legal aspects of drug prescriptions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a paramedic context, why is knowledge of pharmacology important?

    <p>To effectively administer medications and understand what patients are taking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor should be considered when selecting the appropriate medication for a patient?

    <p>Patient-specific and disease-specific factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes drug efficacy?

    <p>The ability of a drug to produce a desired therapeutic effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consequence can result from sudden withdrawal of prescribed medications in dependent individuals?

    <p>Adverse physiological effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of medication is completely made in a laboratory?

    <p>Synthetic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which law in the UAE emphasizes rehabilitation over punishment for first offenders of drug abuse?

    <p>Federal Decree Law no 30 of 2021</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of semisynthetic medications?

    <p>Derived from natural substances but modified</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the intention of administration affect a drug's action?

    <p>It has no impact on the drug's effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common effect of concentrated and refined natural compounds when taken in excess?

    <p>Can be beneficial or detrimental</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are compounds used in alternate therapies primarily required to do?

    <p>Work like therapeutic drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one potential effect of scented lotion as an alternate therapy?

    <p>Initiates an immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Federal Law No 14 of 1995 in the UAE pertain to?

    <p>Regulations for prescribing and supplying prescription medicines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can change the perception of a poison in different contexts?

    <p>The dose administered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which name is typically used by health professionals when discussing a drug?

    <p>Generic name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a drug's chemical name?

    <p>To provide the chemical structure of the compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From which components are generic names usually derived?

    <p>Part of the chemical name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do some drugs have several therapeutic uses despite having similar generic names?

    <p>Because of significant structural differences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of different forms of a drug based on its solubility?

    <p>Morphine Hydrochloride and Morphine Tartrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural information does a chemical name typically provide?

    <p>The location of chemical side-chains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could indicate a group of drugs despite their different structures?

    <p>Their structural variations but belonging to the same functional group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common name for frusemide in American nomenclature?

    <p>Furosemide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of drugs does not belong with the others?

    <p>Salbutamol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a crucial component to prepare for a drug presentation?

    <p>Dose and administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drug pairs represents the British and American nomenclature difference?

    <p>Adrenaline and epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when prescribing medications?

    <p>Side effects and contraindications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a functional grouping of drugs mentioned?

    <p>Analgesics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a generic name for paracetamol?

    <p>Acetaminophen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common side effect of antihypertensive medications?

    <p>Cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a drug?

    <p>A chemical substance that modifies biological functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines a medication?

    <p>A chemical substance mixed with other ingredients for therapeutic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the route of administration important?

    <p>It influences the physiological effect produced by the substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary for a drug to be clinically useful?

    <p>It should have potency, biological selectivity, and chemical specificity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is a drug different from an endogenous substance?

    <p>A drug must be administered exogenously</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is an example of a drug derived from a plant?

    <p>Heroin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the potential consequences of using drugs with abuse potential?

    <p>They carry a risk of dependency and misuse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of substances can be categorized as drugs?

    <p>Synthetic chemicals, natural products, or genetically engineered substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a trade (proprietary) name?

    <p>To serve as a trademark for marketing purposes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to a drug's trade name once the patent expires?

    <p>Other companies can produce it under a different trade name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason for having multiple trade names for one drug?

    <p>To confuse consumers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the additional suffix in a drug's trade name indicate?

    <p>A reformulation of the original drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly categorizes Paracetamol?

    <p>Analgesic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which company is associated with the trade name Panadol?

    <p>GlaxoSmithKline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between a drug's trade name and its generic name?

    <p>The trade name is created by the manufacturer and is distinct from the generic name</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drugs does Labetolol belong to?

    <p>Antihypertensives</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Course Information

    • Course title: Pharmacology for EMS (EHS 202)
    • College: Fatima College of Health Sciences
    • Week: 1
    • Course Objectives: To describe basic pharmacology concepts and principles, list major prehospital drugs, describe specific pharmacology for major drugs, and apply pharmacological knowledge to patient care.

    Introduction to Pharmacology

    • Pharmacology is the study of drug effects on living systems.
    • Drugs are chemical substances, other than nutrients, that cause a biological effect when administered.
    • Drugs can be synthetic, plant-derived, animal-derived, or genetically engineered.

    What is a Drug?

    • A chemical substance with a known structure, that is not a nutrient or an essential ingredient, produces a biological effect when administered to a living organism.
    • A substance or product used to modify or explore physiological or pathological states for the benefit of the recipient.

    Route of Administration

    • The route of drug administration affects how the drug works in the body.
    • Endogenous substances, naturally produced by the body, aren't considered drugs, unless administered.

    What is a Medication?

    • A chemical preparation that contains one or more drugs.
    • Intended to cause a therapeutic effect.
    • Usually mixed with other ingredients to improve stability, taste, or form.

    Source of the Chemical

    • Some drugs are derived from plants and have clinically useful properties but also have potential for abuse, such as morphine and codeine.
    • Drugs can be synthetic, semi-synthetic (made from plant, animal, or mineral sources), plant-derived or chemically engineered products.

    Intention of Administration

    • The deliberate or non-deliberate intention of consumption does not affect the drug's action or interaction in the body.
    • Routes of administration must be considered.

    Drug Controls in the UAE

    • UAE aligns with international agreements regarding narcotic and psychotropic drugs.
    • These drugs are not freely available to the public.
    • The aim is to minimise risk of abuse and drug trafficking.
    • Federal Law No. 4 of 1983 outlines the rules for prescription medicine.
    • Federal Law No. 14 of 1995 describes the application of these conventions.
    • Recent Federal Decree Law No. 30 of 2021 emphasizes rehabilitation over punishment for first-time offenders.

    Drug, Food or Nutritional Supplement?

    • Concentrated and refined compounds still have an effect on the body.
    • Excessive amounts can have beneficial or detrimental effects.

    Alternate Therapies

    • Compounds and chemicals in some alternate therapies may be absorbed into the body and affect it similarly to other drugs.
    • Scented lotions can generate an immune response, and various teas/supplements can interact with other drugs or bodily processes.

    Poisons and Other Chemicals

    • Drugs are chemicals, regardless of source.
    • A chemical can be toxic in one situation, and therapeutic in another, given the proper dose.
    • Context and application of drugs/chemicals is important.

    Drug Names

    • Most drugs have three names:
      • Chemical name
      • Generic (non-proprietary) name
      • Trade (proprietary) name

    Generic (Non-Proprietary) Name

    • Generic names are derived from part of the chemical name--easier to remember.
    • Used by health professionals when discussing drugs.
    • Can include parts of the chemical name, or the source compound, or a suffix to indicate the drug's group.
    • Different forms of a drug can be reflected in the name. (e.g. Morphine Hydrochloride, Sulphate, Tartrate)

    Trade (Proprietary) Name

    • Given to a drug by the company that markets it.
    • Trademarked and owned by the company.
    • Usually only one trade name for a drug when first discovered.
    • After the patent expires, other companies can make and sell the same drug with a different trade name.
    • Many trade names for a single drug.

    Grouping of Drugs

    • Drugs can be grouped by function (e.g., antihypertensives, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, analgesics).
    • Can also be grouped by mechanism of action (e.g. mechanism of effect, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, diuretics).

    American vs. British Drug Nomenclature

    • Some drugs have different generic names in British and American systems (e.g. adrenaline v. epinephrine)

    Weekly Task

    • Pick a particular drug.
    • Prepare a unique presentation containing:
      • Indications
      • Actions
      • Dosage & Administration
      • Contraindications
      • Cautions
      • Side effects

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    Related Documents

    EHS 202 Week 1 Introduction to Pharmacology 2023-2024 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamentals of pharmacology necessary for emergency medical services. It includes definitions of drugs, their routes of administration, and the biological effects they produce. Test your knowledge of major prehospital drugs and key pharmacological concepts critical for patient care.

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