Pharmacology for EMS Week 1
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Questions and Answers

What is pharmacology primarily focused on?

  • The chemical composition of drugs
  • The ethical issues surrounding drug administration
  • The study of legal regulations regarding medication
  • The effects of drugs on the function of living systems (correct)

Which of the following best describes pharmacokinetics?

  • The therapeutic uses of various medications
  • The interaction of drugs with biological systems
  • The body’s effect on a drug, including absorption and elimination (correct)
  • The study of drug abuse and addiction

What should be evaluated in order to adjust a treatment plan effectively?

  • The frequency of medication errors
  • Only the patient's age and weight
  • The effectiveness of interventions (correct)
  • The legal implications of medication use

Which of these concepts is NOT a principle of pharmacology?

<p>Legal aspects of drug prescriptions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a paramedic context, why is knowledge of pharmacology important?

<p>To effectively administer medications and understand what patients are taking (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor should be considered when selecting the appropriate medication for a patient?

<p>Patient-specific and disease-specific factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes drug efficacy?

<p>The ability of a drug to produce a desired therapeutic effect (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What consequence can result from sudden withdrawal of prescribed medications in dependent individuals?

<p>Adverse physiological effects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of medication is completely made in a laboratory?

<p>Synthetic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which law in the UAE emphasizes rehabilitation over punishment for first offenders of drug abuse?

<p>Federal Decree Law no 30 of 2021 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of semisynthetic medications?

<p>Derived from natural substances but modified (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the intention of administration affect a drug's action?

<p>It has no impact on the drug's effects (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common effect of concentrated and refined natural compounds when taken in excess?

<p>Can be beneficial or detrimental (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are compounds used in alternate therapies primarily required to do?

<p>Work like therapeutic drugs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one potential effect of scented lotion as an alternate therapy?

<p>Initiates an immune response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Federal Law No 14 of 1995 in the UAE pertain to?

<p>Regulations for prescribing and supplying prescription medicines (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can change the perception of a poison in different contexts?

<p>The dose administered (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which name is typically used by health professionals when discussing a drug?

<p>Generic name (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a drug's chemical name?

<p>To provide the chemical structure of the compound (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From which components are generic names usually derived?

<p>Part of the chemical name (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do some drugs have several therapeutic uses despite having similar generic names?

<p>Because of significant structural differences (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of different forms of a drug based on its solubility?

<p>Morphine Hydrochloride and Morphine Tartrate (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structural information does a chemical name typically provide?

<p>The location of chemical side-chains (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could indicate a group of drugs despite their different structures?

<p>Their structural variations but belonging to the same functional group (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common name for frusemide in American nomenclature?

<p>Furosemide (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group of drugs does not belong with the others?

<p>Salbutamol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial component to prepare for a drug presentation?

<p>Dose and administration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drug pairs represents the British and American nomenclature difference?

<p>Adrenaline and epinephrine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be considered when prescribing medications?

<p>Side effects and contraindications (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a functional grouping of drugs mentioned?

<p>Analgesics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a generic name for paracetamol?

<p>Acetaminophen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common side effect of antihypertensive medications?

<p>Cough (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a drug?

<p>A chemical substance that modifies biological functions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a medication?

<p>A chemical substance mixed with other ingredients for therapeutic effects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the route of administration important?

<p>It influences the physiological effect produced by the substance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is necessary for a drug to be clinically useful?

<p>It should have potency, biological selectivity, and chemical specificity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is a drug different from an endogenous substance?

<p>A drug must be administered exogenously (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following substances is an example of a drug derived from a plant?

<p>Heroin (A), Morphine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential consequences of using drugs with abuse potential?

<p>They carry a risk of dependency and misuse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of substances can be categorized as drugs?

<p>Synthetic chemicals, natural products, or genetically engineered substances (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a trade (proprietary) name?

<p>To serve as a trademark for marketing purposes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a drug's trade name once the patent expires?

<p>Other companies can produce it under a different trade name (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a reason for having multiple trade names for one drug?

<p>To confuse consumers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the additional suffix in a drug's trade name indicate?

<p>A reformulation of the original drug (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly categorizes Paracetamol?

<p>Analgesic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which company is associated with the trade name Panadol?

<p>GlaxoSmithKline (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between a drug's trade name and its generic name?

<p>The trade name is created by the manufacturer and is distinct from the generic name (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of drugs does Labetolol belong to?

<p>Antihypertensives (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Pharmacology definition

Study of how drugs affect living things

Paramedic pharmacology purpose

Understanding both given and patient medications

Pharmacokinetics

How drugs move through the body

Pharmacodynamics

How drugs affect the body

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Drug Metabolism

Breakdown of drugs in the body

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Drug-drug interactions

Effects of mixing different drugs

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Drug Toxicity

Harmful effects of drugs

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Effective Pharmacotherapy

Using drugs to treat a condition effectively

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What is a drug?

A chemical substance, with a known structure, not a nutrient or essential ingredient that produces a biological effect when administered to a living organism.

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Drug vs. endogenous substance

A substance that's produced endogenously (by the body) isn't a drug unless administered exogenously (from outside the body).

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What is a medication?

A chemical preparation often containing one or more drugs, intended to produce a therapeutic result.

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Drug attributes for clinical use

Potency, biological selectivity, and chemical specificity are crucial for a drug to be effective and safe.

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Route of administration

The method by which a drug enters the body is important, affecting how the drug works.

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Source of a drug

Drugs can arise from synthetic chemicals, plants/animals, or genetic engineering.

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Drug formulation

Drugs are often combined with other substances to enhance stability, taste, or administration.

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Codeine vs. Morphine

Codeine and Morphine, examples of drugs created from plants, exhibit both medicinal properties and potential for abuse.

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Synthetic Drugs

Drugs manufactured entirely in a laboratory, not derived from natural sources.

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Semisynthetic Drugs

Drugs created by modifying natural substances like plants, animals, or minerals.

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Drug Administration Intent

The intended use of a drug has no impact on its physiological effects, regardless of deliberate consumption or unintentional exposure.

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UAE Drug Controls

The UAE has strict laws aligning with international agreements to regulate narcotics and psychotropic drugs, aiming to minimize misuse and trafficking.

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UAE Drug Law Changes

Recent UAE legislation shifts focus towards rehabilitation for first-time offenders using narcotics and psychotropics, while still maintaining an anti-abuse stance.

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Natural Compounds and the Body

Even concentrated and refined natural compounds have potent effects on the body, whether beneficial or detrimental, similar to drugs.

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Alternative Therapies and Ingredients

Many alternative therapies utilize active ingredients absorbed by the body, potentially causing physiological changes like drugs.

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Chemical Toxicity vs. Therapy

The same compound can be toxic in one context and therapeutic in another, depending on factors like dose and administration method.

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Drug Names

Most drugs have three names: chemical, generic (non-proprietary), and trade (proprietary).

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Chemical Name

A complex name describing a drug's chemical structure, rarely used except by specialists.

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Generic Name

Simplified name derived from the chemical name, used by health professionals.

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Trade Name

Brand name of a drug, registered by a specific company.

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Generic Drug Group

Drugs with similar structures and properties, sharing functional group characteristics.

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Drug Form Variation

Some generic names may differ due to structural differences or drug sources (e.g., Morphine Hydrochloride, Morphine Sulphate).

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Drug's Therapeutic Uses

Specific therapeutic applications of a drug, can vary depending on context.

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Context and Application

The same substance can be a poison in one context and a valuable treatment in another.

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Generic vs Proprietary Names?

Most drugs have a single generic name, but there are exceptions due to variations in British and American nomenclature. For example, "paracetamol" is the British generic name while "acetaminophen" is the American generic name.

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Why are drug groupings important?

Grouping drugs by their mechanism of action helps to understand how they work and how they might interact with each other. This is useful for predicting potential side effects and interactions.

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Antihypertensives

Drugs used to treat high blood pressure. Different classes of antihypertensives work by different mechanisms, like blocking specific receptors or affecting the renin-angiotensin system.

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Beta-blockers

A class of drugs that block certain receptors in the heart and blood vessels, leading to a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure.

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ACE Inhibitors

Drugs that prevent the production of angiotensin II, a hormone that constricts blood vessels and increases blood pressure.

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AT2 Receptor Antagonists

Drugs that block the action of angiotensin II by interfering with its receptors.

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Diuretics

Drugs that increase urine production, leading to a decrease in blood volume and blood pressure.

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Medication Insight

Knowing the medications a patient is taking can provide valuable clues about their diagnosed conditions and treatments. This information can help healthcare providers make informed decisions about patient care.

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What is a Proprietary or Trade Name?

The trade name is the name given to a drug by the company that makes it and is used for marketing and selling the drug. It's like a brand name.

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What's special about a Trade Name?

Trade names are owned by the company and are protected by a trademark. This means other companies can't use the same name for their drugs.

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What happens after a drug patent expires?

Once a drug's patent expires, other companies can make and sell the same drug but under a different trade name. This creates more options for consumers.

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Why are there often multiple Trade Names for one drug?

After a patent expires, different companies can sell the same drug under their own brand name, leading to various trade names for the same drug.

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How are drugs grouped together?

Drugs are often grouped together based on how they work, even if they have different trade names. This helps healthcare professionals talk about treatments without specifying details about the drug.

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Antidepressant

A type of medication that helps to treat depression.

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Anticonvulsant

A type of medication that helps to control seizures.

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Study Notes

Course Information

  • Course title: Pharmacology for EMS (EHS 202)
  • College: Fatima College of Health Sciences
  • Week: 1
  • Course Objectives: To describe basic pharmacology concepts and principles, list major prehospital drugs, describe specific pharmacology for major drugs, and apply pharmacological knowledge to patient care.

Introduction to Pharmacology

  • Pharmacology is the study of drug effects on living systems.
  • Drugs are chemical substances, other than nutrients, that cause a biological effect when administered.
  • Drugs can be synthetic, plant-derived, animal-derived, or genetically engineered.

What is a Drug?

  • A chemical substance with a known structure, that is not a nutrient or an essential ingredient, produces a biological effect when administered to a living organism.
  • A substance or product used to modify or explore physiological or pathological states for the benefit of the recipient.

Route of Administration

  • The route of drug administration affects how the drug works in the body.
  • Endogenous substances, naturally produced by the body, aren't considered drugs, unless administered.

What is a Medication?

  • A chemical preparation that contains one or more drugs.
  • Intended to cause a therapeutic effect.
  • Usually mixed with other ingredients to improve stability, taste, or form.

Source of the Chemical

  • Some drugs are derived from plants and have clinically useful properties but also have potential for abuse, such as morphine and codeine.
  • Drugs can be synthetic, semi-synthetic (made from plant, animal, or mineral sources), plant-derived or chemically engineered products.

Intention of Administration

  • The deliberate or non-deliberate intention of consumption does not affect the drug's action or interaction in the body.
  • Routes of administration must be considered.

Drug Controls in the UAE

  • UAE aligns with international agreements regarding narcotic and psychotropic drugs.
  • These drugs are not freely available to the public.
  • The aim is to minimise risk of abuse and drug trafficking.
  • Federal Law No. 4 of 1983 outlines the rules for prescription medicine.
  • Federal Law No. 14 of 1995 describes the application of these conventions.
  • Recent Federal Decree Law No. 30 of 2021 emphasizes rehabilitation over punishment for first-time offenders.

Drug, Food or Nutritional Supplement?

  • Concentrated and refined compounds still have an effect on the body.
  • Excessive amounts can have beneficial or detrimental effects.

Alternate Therapies

  • Compounds and chemicals in some alternate therapies may be absorbed into the body and affect it similarly to other drugs.
  • Scented lotions can generate an immune response, and various teas/supplements can interact with other drugs or bodily processes.

Poisons and Other Chemicals

  • Drugs are chemicals, regardless of source.
  • A chemical can be toxic in one situation, and therapeutic in another, given the proper dose.
  • Context and application of drugs/chemicals is important.

Drug Names

  • Most drugs have three names:
    • Chemical name
    • Generic (non-proprietary) name
    • Trade (proprietary) name

Generic (Non-Proprietary) Name

  • Generic names are derived from part of the chemical name--easier to remember.
  • Used by health professionals when discussing drugs.
  • Can include parts of the chemical name, or the source compound, or a suffix to indicate the drug's group.
  • Different forms of a drug can be reflected in the name. (e.g. Morphine Hydrochloride, Sulphate, Tartrate)

Trade (Proprietary) Name

  • Given to a drug by the company that markets it.
  • Trademarked and owned by the company.
  • Usually only one trade name for a drug when first discovered.
  • After the patent expires, other companies can make and sell the same drug with a different trade name.
  • Many trade names for a single drug.

Grouping of Drugs

  • Drugs can be grouped by function (e.g., antihypertensives, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, analgesics).
  • Can also be grouped by mechanism of action (e.g. mechanism of effect, beta-blockers, ACE inhibitors, diuretics).

American vs. British Drug Nomenclature

  • Some drugs have different generic names in British and American systems (e.g. adrenaline v. epinephrine)

Weekly Task

  • Pick a particular drug.
  • Prepare a unique presentation containing:
    • Indications
    • Actions
    • Dosage & Administration
    • Contraindications
    • Cautions
    • Side effects

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EHS 202 Week 1 Introduction to Pharmacology 2023-2024 PDF

Description

This quiz covers the fundamentals of pharmacology necessary for emergency medical services. It includes definitions of drugs, their routes of administration, and the biological effects they produce. Test your knowledge of major prehospital drugs and key pharmacological concepts critical for patient care.

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