Pharmacology Essentials Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary cause of hyperthyroidism in Grave’s Disease?

  • Increased iodine intake
  • A genetic mutation affecting the thyroid
  • Autoantibodies stimulating hormone production (correct)
  • Inflammation of the thyroid gland

    • Which symptom is commonly associated with rheumatoid arthritis?

  • Joint pain and deformity (correct)
  • Exophthalmos
  • V-shaped indentation of the lower eyelid
  • Ischemic optic neuropathy

    • What does the HbA1c test primarily measure?

  • Blood lipid levels
  • Insulin production capacity
  • Immediate blood sugar levels
  • Average blood sugar levels over 2-3 months (correct)

    • Which condition is characterized by inflammation of the sclera?

    <p>Scleritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Munson’s Sign indicative of?

    <p>Corneal thinning and bulging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Relative Afferent Pupillary Defect (RAPD) indicate?

    <p>Reduced constriction in affected eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common cause of nystagmus?

    <p>Vestibular dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of Branch Retinal Artery Occlusion (BRAO)?

    <p>Acute hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary therapeutic use of Tropicamide?

    <p>Pupil dilation for fundus exams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following drugs is known for causing prolonged mydriasis and cycloplegia lasting up to 14 days?

    <p>Atropine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mechanism of action does Tobramycin exhibit?

    <p>Binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of drug does Dipivefrin belong to, and what is its main therapeutic use?

    <p>Prodrug of epinephrine; reducing intraocular pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Ketorolac exert its therapeutic effects?

    <p>By reducing prostaglandin synthesis via COX inhibition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What therapeutic use is Ketorolac specifically indicated for?

    <p>Postoperative inflammation and allergic conjunctivitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications inhibits vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)?

    <p>Anti-VEGF injections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of action of Atropine in relation to the eye?

    <p>Blocks parasympathetic input to the iris sphincter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition is characterized by sudden, painless vision loss due to reduced blood flow without inflammation?

    <p>Non-Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAAION)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is typically used for acute cases of Arteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (AAION)?

    <p>Corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Myasthenia Gravis (MG)?

    <p>Autoantibodies against acetylcholine receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is used to improve aqueous humor drainage in narrow-angle glaucoma?

    <p>Peripheral iridotomy surgery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following treatments is NOT commonly used for Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD)?

    <p>Topical corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurological response is associated with the Sympathetic Nervous System (SNS)?

    <p>Increased sweating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common first-line treatment for an internal hordeolum?

    <p>Warm compresses and possibly antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with Myasthenia Gravis (MG)?

    <p>Increased motor strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common mechanism that leads to branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO)?

    <p>Obstruction of blood flow to a branch of the central retinal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is an alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes vasoconstriction and pupil dilation?

    <p>Phenylephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What therapeutic use does Timolol serve?

    <p>Lowers intraocular pressure in glaucoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is considered a hypercoagulable state?

    <p>Factor V Leiden</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antiphospholipid syndrome is associated with which of the following?

    <p>Hypercoagulable states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used to reverse pharmacologically induced mydriasis?

    <p>Dapiprazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary action of Latanoprost?

    <p>Increases uveoscleral outflow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is not typically associated with an increased risk of vascular occlusive events?

    <p>Regular exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the therapeutic use of Trypan Blue in cataract surgery?

    <p>Stains the anterior capsule of the lens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action (MOA) of Methotrexate in eye treatment?

    <p>Reduces inflammation by interfering with DNA synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lissamine Green is used primarily to diagnose which condition?

    <p>Dry eye disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary use of Prokera®?

    <p>To treat severe dry eye and corneal inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about ClearCare® contact lens solution?

    <p>It requires a neutralizing case to convert peroxide to saline.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of Fluorescein?

    <p>Examines the integrity of the tear film</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of condition is Retisert® used to treat?

    <p>Chronic, non-infectious posterior uveitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which therapeutic use corresponds to Rose Bengal?

    <p>Diagnoses keratoconjunctivitis sicca</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effects does Hydroxychloroquine (Plaquenil®) have on the eye?

    <p>Retinal toxicity and corneal deposits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is known to temporarily paralyze the ciliary muscle and iris sphincter muscle?

    <p>Cycloplegics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common effect of Tamsulosin (Flomax®) during cataract surgery?

    <p>Intraoperative floppy iris syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications can cause elevated intraocular pressure?

    <p>Corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the effects of Sildenafil (Viagra®) on vision?

    <p>Visual disturbances and NAION</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of vision issues can result from taking Isotretinoin (Accutane®)?

    <p>Night vision disturbances and dry eye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is associated with corneal deposits known as verticillata?

    <p>Amiodarone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does Tamoxifen have on the eye?

    <p>Retinopathy and corneal deposits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pharmacokinetics

    • Definition: The study of how a drug moves through the body, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

    Medical Abbreviations

    • ac: Before meals
    • pc: After meals
    • po: By mouth
    • qd: Once daily
    • qod: Every other day
    • prn: As needed
    • qid: Four times a day
    • ou: Both eyes
    • od: Right eye
    • os (ol): Left eye
    • I.V.: Intravenous
    • I.D.: Intradermal
    • S.C.: Subcutaneous

    First-Pass Metabolism

    • Definition: The metabolism of a drug that occurs after oral administration but before it reaches systemic circulation.
    • Primary Organ: The liver

    Properties of Ophthalmic Preparations

    • Solutions: Completely dissolved drugs.

    Prescription Components

    • Superscription: The “Rx” symbol at the beginning of a prescription.
    • Inscription: Lists the drug name, strength, and form.
    • Subscription: Instructions for the pharmacist (e.g., quantity to dispense).
    • Signature (Sig): Instructions for the patient (e.g., dosing, route).
    • Mitte: The total amount to dispense.

    Suspensions

    • Contains undissolved particles.
    • Requires shaking before use.

    Ointments (Ungs)

    • Thick, greasy, and long-lasting lubrication.
    • Can blur vision temporarily.

    Immunoglobulins (Antibodies)

    • IgG: Responds later in infections, provides long-term immunity.
    • IgM: First responder during initial infection.
    • IgE: Involved in allergic reactions.
    • IgA: Protects mucosal surfaces (e.g., eyes, respiratory tract).

    Instilling Eye Drops in Children

    • Position the child lying down or reclined.
    • Gently pull down the lower eyelid to create a pocket.
    • Drop the medication in without touching the eye or lashes.
    • Distract or comfort the child to ease anxiety.

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    Related Documents

    Pharmacology Study Guide (PDF)

    Description

    Test your knowledge on pharmacokinetics, medical abbreviations, and the components of prescriptions. This quiz covers key concepts including first-pass metabolism and properties of ophthalmic preparations. Perfect for medical students and professionals alike.

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