Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the effect of plasma protein binding on drugs?
What is the effect of plasma protein binding on drugs?
What is a result of a drug being lipid-soluble and unionised?
What is a result of a drug being lipid-soluble and unionised?
What is a limitation of water-soluble drugs?
What is a limitation of water-soluble drugs?
What is a factor that affects the rate of drug distribution to organs?
What is a factor that affects the rate of drug distribution to organs?
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How can liver disease affect drug distribution?
How can liver disease affect drug distribution?
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What is a consequence of inflammation and damage on drug distribution?
What is a consequence of inflammation and damage on drug distribution?
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What happens to drugs when they bind to plasma proteins?
What happens to drugs when they bind to plasma proteins?
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Which type of drug is more likely to traverse biological membranes?
Which type of drug is more likely to traverse biological membranes?
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What determines the rate at which drugs are distributed to organs?
What determines the rate at which drugs are distributed to organs?
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How can shock or heart failure affect drug distribution?
How can shock or heart failure affect drug distribution?
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What is a consequence of liver disease on drug distribution?
What is a consequence of liver disease on drug distribution?
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What happens to the duration of action of some drugs due to tissue protein binding?
What happens to the duration of action of some drugs due to tissue protein binding?
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Study Notes
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution
Protein Binding
- Bound to plasma proteins, drugs are effectively inactive and stored in the bloodstream
- Only free drug can enter tissues
- Binding to tissue proteins creates a store, contributing to a longer duration of action and delayed metabolism and elimination
Lipid Solubility and Ionisation State
- Lipid-soluble and unionised drugs can easily traverse biological membranes
- Leads to 'ion-trapping' in tissues
Barriers to Diffusion
- Water-soluble drugs cannot access tissues with tight junctions between cells, unless by specific transport mechanism
- Lipid-soluble drugs can transverse cell membranes, easily accessing tissues across diffusion barriers
Compartment or Organ Size and Perfusion
- Well-perfused and larger organs receive drugs faster than poorly perfused organs
Disease Presence and Type
- Conditions like shock or heart failure reduce organ perfusion
- Liver disease or malnutrition alter blood protein production
- Abnormal metabolic states like uraemia change protein binding
- Inflammation and damage affect integrity of diffusion barriers
Factors Affecting Drug Distribution
Protein Binding
- Bound to plasma proteins, drugs are effectively inactive and stored in the bloodstream
- Only free drug can enter tissues
- Binding to tissue proteins creates a store, contributing to a longer duration of action and delayed metabolism and elimination
Lipid Solubility and Ionisation State
- Lipid-soluble and unionised drugs can easily traverse biological membranes
- Leads to 'ion-trapping' in tissues
Barriers to Diffusion
- Water-soluble drugs cannot access tissues with tight junctions between cells, unless by specific transport mechanism
- Lipid-soluble drugs can transverse cell membranes, easily accessing tissues across diffusion barriers
Compartment or Organ Size and Perfusion
- Well-perfused and larger organs receive drugs faster than poorly perfused organs
Disease Presence and Type
- Conditions like shock or heart failure reduce organ perfusion
- Liver disease or malnutrition alter blood protein production
- Abnormal metabolic states like uraemia change protein binding
- Inflammation and damage affect integrity of diffusion barriers
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Description
This quiz covers the factors affecting drug interactions, including protein binding and lipid solubility. Understand how drugs interact with plasma and tissue proteins, and how lipid solubility and ionization state impact their activity.
