Pharmacology: Drug Classes Overview

Questions and Answers

What is an analgesic?

Agent that reduces nasal congestion

Agent that relieves pain without causing loss of consciousness (correct)

Agent that prevents or relieves depression

Agent that destroys or inhibits the action of histamine

What is an anesthetic?

Agent used to relieve cough

Agent that produces a lack of feeling either locally or generally depending on type (correct)

Agent that prevents or relieves diarrhea

Agent used to treat tumors

What does an antacid do?

Neutralizes acid (correct)

Prevents high blood pressure

Inhibits growth of mycobacteria

Produces sleep or hypnosis

What is the function of an antidepressant?

Prevents or relieves symptoms of depression Signup and view all the answers

What does an antidiarrheal do?

Prevents or relieves diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

What is an antidote?

Counteracts poisons and their effects Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an antiemetic?

Prevents or relieves nausea and vomiting Signup and view all the answers

What does an antifungal do?

Destroys or inhibits the action of fungi Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of an antihistamine?

Acts to prevent the action of histamine Signup and view all the answers

What is an antihyperlipidemic used for?

Lowers high blood levels of fatty substances Signup and view all the answers

What does an antihypertensive do?

Prevents or controls high blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of an anti-inflammatory?

Prevents inflammation Signup and view all the answers

What is an antimanic used for?

To treat manic episodes of bipolar disorder Signup and view all the answers

What does an antineoplastic do?

Prevents replication of neoplastic cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an antiparkinsonian?

To treat symptoms of Parkinson's disease Signup and view all the answers

What does an antipyretic do?

Reduces fever Signup and view all the answers

What is an antituberculosis agent used for?

Inhibits growth of mycobacteria Signup and view all the answers

What does an antitumor necrosis factor do?

Slows destruction of joints by disrupting tumor necrosis factor activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of an antitussive?

Prevents or relieves cough Signup and view all the answers

What does an antiulcer do?

Controls stomach acid Signup and view all the answers

What does an antiviral do?

Combat specific viral diseases Signup and view all the answers

What does a bronchodilator do?

Dilates the bronchi Signup and view all the answers

What is a cardiac glycoside?

Agent that increases strength and force of heart contractions Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraceptive?

Device, method, or agent that prevents conception. Signup and view all the answers

What is a COX-2 inhibitor?

Inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX-2) enzyme found in joints and areas affected by inflammation. Signup and view all the answers

What does a decongestant do?

Reduces nasal congestion and/or swelling. Signup and view all the answers

What are disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs)?

May influence the course of disease progression of rheumatoid arthritis. Signup and view all the answers

What does a diuretic do?

Increases the excretion of urine. Signup and view all the answers

What is an emetic?

Used to induce vomiting. Signup and view all the answers

What does an expectorant do?

Facilitates removal of secretion from broncho-pulmonary mucous membrane. Signup and view all the answers

What is a gastric acid-pump inhibitor?

Suppresses gastric acid secretions. Signup and view all the answers

What is a hemostatic?

Controls or stops bleeding. Signup and view all the answers

What is a hypnotic?

Produces sleep or hypnosis. Signup and view all the answers

What does a hypoglycemic do?

Lowers blood glucose level. Signup and view all the answers

What does an immunologic agent do?

Induces immunity and prevents infections. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Drug Class: Analgesics to Antidotes

Analgesic: Relieves pain without causing loss of consciousness (e.g., Tylenol, Advil, Motrin).
Anesthetic: Produces a lack of feeling, can be local or general (e.g., lidocaine, Xylocaine, Novocain).
Antacid: Neutralizes stomach acid (e.g., Amphojel, Gelusil, Mylanta, Milk of Magnesia).
Antidepressant: Prevents or alleviates symptoms of depression (e.g., Tofranil, Marplan, Nardil).
Antidiarrheal: Reduces diarrhea by inhibiting peristalsis (e.g., Keopectate, Lomotil, Pepto-Bismol).
Antidote: Counteracts poisons and their effects (e.g., Narcan).

Drug Class: Anti-emetics to Antifungals

Anti-emetic: Prevents or relieves nausea and vomiting (e.g., Dramamine, Marinol).
Antifungal: Destroys or inhibits fungi (e.g., Diflucan, Lamisil, Monistat).
Antihistamine: Prevents the action of histamine, alleviating allergy symptoms (e.g., Allegra, Benadryl).

Drug Class: Lipid and Blood Pressure Medications

Antihyperlipidemic: Lowers high levels of lipids in the blood (e.g., Lipitor, Zocor).
Antihypertensive: Manages or prevents high blood pressure (e.g., Catapres, Aldomet).

Drug Class: Inflammatory and Psychiatric Treatments

Anti-inflammatory: Prevents inflammation (e.g., Advil, Naprosyn).
Antimanic: Treats manic episodes in bipolar disorder (e.g., lithium).
Antineoplastic: Prevents replication of neoplasmic cells, used for tumors (e.g., Myleran, Cytoxan).

Drug Class: Miscellaneous Medications

Antiparkinsonian: Provides relief of major Parkinson's disease symptoms (e.g., L-Dopa, Requip).
Antipyretic: Reduces fever (e.g., Tylenol, aspirin).
Antituberculosis: Treats tuberculosis by inhibiting mycobacterial growth (e.g., INH, Rifadin).

Drug Class: Immune Modulators to Cough Suppressants

Antitumor necrosis factor: Slows down joint destruction in autoimmune conditions (e.g., Enbrel).
Antitussive: Prevents or alleviates cough (e.g., codeine, dextromethorphan).
Antiulcer: Treats active duodenal ulcers and controls stomach acid (e.g., Pepcid, Zantac).

Drug Class: Viral Inhibitors to Respiratory Aids

Antiviral: Targets specific viral diseases (e.g., Tamiflu, Zovirax).
Bronchodilator: Expands the bronchi, aiding in respiration (e.g., Proventil, Isuprel).

Drug Class: Cardiovascular and Contraceptive Agents

Cardiac glycoside: Increases heart contraction strength and regulates heart rate (e.g., Digitalis).
Contraceptive: Methods or agents preventing conception.

Drug Class: Pain and Inflammation Management

COX-2 Inhibitor: Targets the COX-2 enzyme to reduce inflammation.
Decongestant: Reduces nasal congestion via vasoconstriction (e.g., Afrin, Sudafed).

Drug Class: Rheumatologic to Diuretic Treatments

Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs): Alters rheumatoid arthritis progression (e.g., Arava, Rheumatrex).
Diuretic: Enhances urine excretion (e.g., Lasix, Diuril).

Drug Class: Induction and Facilitation Agents

Emetic: Induces vomiting (e.g., Ipecac syrup).
Expectorant: Aids in the removal of pulmonary secretions (e.g., Robitussin, Mucinex).

Drug Class: Digestive and Hormonal Modulators

Gastric acid-pump inhibitor: Suppresses acid secretion, treats GERD (e.g., Prilosec).
Hemostatic: Controls or stops bleeding (e.g., vitamin K).

Drug Class: Sleep Aids to Blood Sugar Regulators

Hypnotic: Induces sleep, depresses the CNS (e.g., chloral hydrate).
Hypoglycemic: Lowers blood glucose levels (e.g., insulin).

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Description

Explore the essential classes of medications including analgesics, anesthetics, and anti-emetics. This quiz covers their definitions, examples, and uses. Perfect for students and professionals looking to deepen their understanding of pharmacology.