Pharmacology Diuretics Quiz

Drugs that increase urine output. This is achieved by inhibiting sodium and chloride reabsorption in different parts of the kidney.

A type of diuretic that acts on the loop of Henle to block sodium and chloride reabsorption, resulting in powerful diuresis. They are often used for acute conditions like heart failure or edema.

A type of diuretic that acts on the distal convoluted tubule, blocking sodium and chloride reabsorption. They are usually used for chronic conditions like hypertension.

A type of diuretic that acts on the collecting duct to block sodium and chloride reabsorption, leading to potassium retention. Used for conditions like hyperkalemia.

A powerful loop diuretic used for rapid fluid removal in heart failure, edema, or other conditions. It works by blocking sodium and chloride reabsorption in the ascending loop of Henle.

Furosemide is a potassium-wasting diuretic, meaning it can lower potassium levels in the blood. This can increase the risk of digoxin toxicity.

Furosemide can cause hearing loss, especially when combined with other ototoxic drugs like aminoglycosides.

Furosemide can cause hypotension, especially when taken with other antihypertensive drugs.

A type of diuretic that works by creating an osmotic action in the proximal convoluted tubule, inhibiting passive reabsorption of water.

A diuretic that causes the body to lose potassium.

Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that is often the first choice drug for hypertension, especially in African Americans.

Hydrochlorothiazide can cause hyponatremia, hypochloremia, dehydration, hypokalemia, and can increase the risk of gouty arthritis.

Mannitol, an osmotic diuretic, is used to prevent or slow down acute renal failure, reduce intracranial pressure, and decrease intraocular pressure in cases that don't respond to usual therapy.

Spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic, blocks the action of aldosterone in the distal nephron, causing potassium retention and sodium excretion.

A type of diuretic that works by blocking the action of aldosterone in the kidneys, which helps to conserve potassium while increasing the excretion of sodium and water.

A drug that is similar in chemical structure to steroid hormones, therefore can cause side effects mimicking hormones like gynecomastia (breast enlargement in men) and menstrual irregularities.

A condition that can be caused by high potassium levels (hyperkalemia) due to the action of Aldosterone Antagonists in the kidneys. Can be fatal in severe cases due to cardiac dysrhythmias (irregular heartbeat).

Aldosterone antagonists should not be given together with potassium supplements, salt substitutes, or other potassium-sparing drugs (ACE inhibitors).

A type of diuretic that works by directly interfering with the sodium-potassium exchange in the distal nephron. It's not an Aldosterone antagonist, so it directly blocks the channels.

This class of diuretics is known for causing potassium retention. The main use for it is to counter the potassium-wasting effects of other diuretics.

Potassium is essential for nerve impulse transmission, especially in the heart. Abnormal potassium levels (hypokalemia or hyperkalemia) can both cause cardiac dysrhythmias.

Potassium chloride supplements can be administered orally (pills, liquid), and intravenously (diluted).

High potassium levels in the blood, can be caused by many factors like kidney failure, medications, or dehydration, and can lead to dangerous heart rhythm problems

A life-threatening condition caused by excessive potassium levels in the blood, characterized by severe cardiac arrhythmias like ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation.

Cardiac arrhythmias, confusion, anxiety, shortness of breath, numbness or tingling of hands, lips, and feet.

Potassium-sparing diuretics like spironolactone (Aldactone) or triamterene (Dyrenium), Potassium-rich foods like bananas, avocados, and spinach.

Calcium gluconate is given intravenously, its main role is to protect the heart from the negative effects of high potassium.

Insulin, glucose, and sodium bicarbonate work by driving potassium into the cells, lowering its concentration in the bloodstream.

A medication that removes potassium from the body by exchanging it for sodium in the intestines, given orally or via enema. Often used for hyperkalemia.

A medical procedure that filters the blood, removing excess potassium and other waste products. Used for severe hyperkalemia.

A drug that blocks the effects of acetylcholine at muscarinic receptors, causing a decrease in parasympathetic activity. It is used to treat bradycardia, dry secretions before surgery, and other conditions.

A medication that blocks alpha 1 receptors, leading to vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure. It is used for hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and Raynaud's phenomenon.

A type of drug that blocks beta-adrenergic receptors in the body. The most common uses for beta-blockers include treating hypertension, angina, cardiac dysrhythmias, and heart failure.

A nonselective beta-blocker, which means it blocks both beta 1 and beta 2 receptors. It reduces heart rate, contractility, and renin secretion. This medication is used for hypertension, angina, and cardiac dysrhythmias. It is important to avoid rapid withdrawal as it can lead to serious complications.

This receptor causes vasoconstriction in arterioles and veins, increasing blood pressure.

This receptor is located primarily in nerve tissue and is not directly involved in cardiovascular function.

This receptor increases heart rate, contractility, and AV conduction speed. It also stimulates renin release from the kidneys.

This receptor is responsible for bronchodilation, vasodilation, and relaxation of the smooth muscles.

This drug is classified as an anticholinergic medication, which means it blocks acetylcholine receptors, leading to a decrease in parasympathetic activity. It is used in emergency situations to increase heart rate and blood pressure.

This drug is an alpha-adrenergic antagonist which blocks alpha 1 receptors, leading to vasodilation and a decrease in blood pressure. It is used for hypertension, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and Raynaud's phenomenon.