Pharmacology Chapter on Agonists and Antagonists

<p>Drug X, because a lower EC50 indicates higher affinity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Affinity relates to the concentration at which the drug will be active. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its antagonism can be overcome by a sufficiently high concentration of the agonist. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It causes the curve to shift rightward and parallel from the control while maintaining the maximum effect. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both the agonist and antagonist compete for the same binding site on the receptor. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The maximum response remains the same as long as the agonist is increased in concentration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>No significant response. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its effect on the agonist can be overcome by increasing the agonist concentration. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Logarithmic scale. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.01 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The agonist has a high affinity for its receptor. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The degree of contraction or tension of a tissue. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>An increase in the patient's heart rate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.003 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Agonist A. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The amount of drug needed to achieve a particular effect. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It would require a lower dose. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydromorphone is more potent than morphine. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They can both achieve the same maximum effect. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All available receptors are occupied by the drug. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Left to Right across the curve. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Intrinsic activity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>From Top to bottom of the curve. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potency refers to concentration needed; efficacy refers to maximum effect possible. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The maximal response of the test agonist divided by the maximal response of a full agonist. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.7 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It directly interacts with the agonist, preventing it from binding to its receptor. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By inducing an effect that opposes the effect of the agonist via a different receptor. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It binds to the same receptor as an agonist, does not produce a response, and prevents the action of the agonist. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A physiological antagonist acts on a different receptor and induces an opposing effect, while a pharmacological antagonist binds to the same receptor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The ability of a drug to produce a response after binding to a receptor. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They prevent the binding of the agonist. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It remains the same for unaffected receptors. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-competitive antagonists (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reduces the maximum response. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Non-competitive antagonists impair the conformational change in the receptor. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Synthesize new receptors through protein synthesis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The shape of the curve changes indicating impaired receptor function. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They bind reversibly, allowing agonists to compete for receptor binding. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Using organ bath techniques to study drug effects on receptors in lab-controlled tissue samples.

A response that varies in magnitude with different concentrations of a drug.

A method for representing data where each step is a power of ten, making it easier to analyze large ranges.

The concentration of a drug that produces 50% of its maximum effect, indicating agonist affinity.

The relationship describing how the effect of a drug changes with varying concentrations.

The mathematical operation to revert a logarithm to its original value; useful in pharmacology calculations.

Investigating drug effects by administering varying doses to living subjects to observe real-world responses.

The systematic approach of increasing drug doses in specific amounts for studying effects.

The strength of an agonist's binding to its receptor, indicated by EC50 values.

A drug that requires low concentration to produce its effect due to strong binding.

A drug that requires high concentration to achieve the desired effect due to weak binding.

The process of reversing the logarithm to find the actual EC50 value from its log value.

The amount of drug needed to achieve a specific effect in an intact animal.

The maximum effect a drug can produce regardless of potency.

Hydromorphone (1.3mg) is more potent than morphine (10mg), but both can achieve similar effects.

Maximum response occurs when all receptors are occupied by the drug.

Graph that shows the relationship between drug dose and response percentage, typically a sigmoid shape.

A complex formed when a drug binds to a receptor, leading to a predicted tissue response.

The connection between the amount of drug and the effect it produces.

The peak level of effect that a drug can achieve when receptors are fully engaged.

A type of antagonist that can be overcome by high concentrations of an agonist through competition for the same receptor.

When the effects of a competitive antagonist can be reversed by increasing the concentration of the agonist.

A graphical representation showing the relationship between the log concentration of a drug and its response.

The movement of a drug's concentration-response curve to the right when an antagonist is added.

The change in drug response as the concentration of an antagonist or agonist varies.

A type of antagonist that binds permanently to the receptor, often via covalent bonds, preventing agonist interaction.

The EC50 remains unchanged for unaffected receptors despite irreversible antagonism reducing overall response.

An antagonist that binds to a site different from the agonist's binding site, preventing effective receptor activation.

A site on the receptor distinct from the agonist binding site where non-competitive antagonists exert their effects.

A chemical change that permanently alters the receptor, typically seen with irreversible antagonists.

Reduces the maximum response achievable due to decreased available receptors for agonists.

These antagonists may not block receptor-ligand complex formation but prevent the response by altering receptor shape.

Measure of a drug's ability to activate a receptor relative to a full agonist.

A drug that binds to a receptor and activates it, but to a lesser degree than a full agonist.

Three classifications: chemical, physiological, and pharmacological, based on their action against agonists.

Substances that bind to a drug and remove or deactivate it, not interacting with its receptor.

Drugs that induce opposing effects, opposing the action currently in effect but not at the same receptor.

Drugs that bind to receptors but do not activate them, preventing agonist effects.

The formula comparing the full response to a partial response, resulting in a value from 0 to 1.