Pharmacology Basics Quiz

The study or science of drugs, covering topics like absorption, metabolism, distribution, and effects on the body.

The name given to a drug based on its chemical composition and structure.

The official, non-proprietary name of a drug, often shorter and simpler than the chemical name.

The registered trademark name given to a drug by the manufacturer, often catchy and memorable.

The period of time a drug's patent is valid, usually 17 years.

Drugs that are similar to biological products, but not exact copies.

The process by which a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted by the body.

The study of how drugs interact with the body to produce their effects.

A drug's ability to be replaced with another drug that has the same therapeutic effect, despite differences in their active ingredients.

A classification system that groups drugs based on their similar properties, like structure or therapeutic use.

The first drug in a class of drugs that serves as a benchmark and is often used as a reference point.

The study of how different drug formulations affect their absorption and action in the body.

The clinical use of drugs to prevent and treat diseases, encompassing understanding drug actions and their principles.

Prescribing a drug for a use that has not been officially approved by regulatory agencies like the FDA.

The study of the adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals on living systems.

The study of natural drug sources, including plants, animals, and minerals.

The study of the economic aspects of drug therapy, including cost-effectiveness and resource allocation.

The process of a solid dosage form dissolving and becoming absorbed in the body.

Tablets or capsules that are coated to prevent dissolution in the stomach and are absorbed in the intestines.

Dosage forms that contain multiple drugs in a single dose.

The rate at which a drug reaches its maximum concentration in the body.

Drug delivery systems designed to achieve desired therapeutic effects with minimal side effects.

A method of drug administration that involves the drug being swallowed and absorbed through the digestive tract.

A method of drug administration that involves injecting the drug directly into the body tissue.

A method of drug administration where the drug is applied directly to the skin or mucous membranes.

A type of dosage form that releases the drug gradually over an extended period of time.

A type of dosage form that releases the drug immediately upon dissolution in the digestive tract.

A type of dosage form that dissolves in the mouth and is absorbed through the oral mucosa.

The movement of a drug from its site of administration into the bloodstream for distribution to the tissues.

The extent to which a drug is absorbed into the bloodstream.

The first pass effect refers to the metabolism of a drug by the liver before it reaches systemic circulation.

The process of removing a drug and its metabolites from the body.

The process of breaking down a drug into smaller molecules in the body.

The distribution of a drug throughout the body.

The process of chemically modifying a drug in the body.

Two drug products are considered bioequivalent if they have the same bioavailability and the same concentration of the active ingredient.

The process by which a drug enters the bloodstream and reaches the site of action, influenced by its route of administration, formulation, and other factors.

Drugs that are absorbed through the lining of the stomach or intestines.

A coating on medications designed to protect the stomach by releasing the drug in the intestines, where it is absorbed.

A specialized coating on some medications that allows them to be dissolved and absorbed in the intestines, protecting the stomach from irritation.

Drugs that are rapidly absorbed through the highly vascularized tissue under the tongue.

Drugs that are absorbed through the oral mucosa between the cheek and the gum.

The time it takes for substances in the stomach to be dissolved and transported to the intestines for absorption.

The condition where medication absorption is altered due to the rapid delivery of stomach contents to the intestines, often after bariatric surgery.

A condition characterized by reduced blood flow to the GI tract, potentially affecting drug absorption.

A general term encompassing all drug administration methods excluding the GI tract.

Directly injecting medication into the bloodstream, bypassing the GI tract and reaching the intended site of action quickly.

Injecting medication into the fatty tissues beneath the skin, resulting in slower absorption compared to IV.

Injecting medication into the muscles, allowing for faster absorption than subcutaneous due to greater blood supply.

Administering medication directly into the dermal layer, typically used for skin testing or local effects.

Medication delivered through various body surfaces like skin, eyes, ears, nose, lungs, rectum, or vagina.

A specialized topical route where medication is absorbed through adhesive patches, allowing for steady and controlled delivery.

Administering medication through the rectum, a route that bypasses the stomach and partially the liver.

The process where a drug's concentration is reduced as it passes through the liver before entering the general circulation.

A drug that is formulated to release its medication slowly over an extended period, often days to months.

A term used to describe drug formulations that are available in both intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) forms.

The time it takes for a drug to reach its maximum effect in the body.

When a physician prescribes a drug for a purpose other than what it's FDA-approved for.

The study of how drugs affect the body in terms of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.

The study of how drugs interact with the body to produce their effects.

Drug administration method where the drug is placed under the tongue and absorbed directly into the bloodstream.

Drug administration method where the drug is placed between the cheek and gum and absorbed into the bloodstream.

Drug administration method where the drug is inserted into the rectum and absorbed into the bloodstream.

A type of topical drug administration where the drug is absorbed through the skin via a patch.

Drug administration method where the drug is inhaled into the lungs.

The process of removing a drug and its metabolites from the body.

The transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its site of action.

The protein in the blood that carries many drugs.

The pharmacologically active portion of a drug that is not bound to plasma proteins.

The portion of a drug that is bound to plasma proteins and is pharmacologically inactive.

A common example of a transdermal patch used for pain relief.

A topical drug delivery method that involves inhaling medication particles that are tiny enough to reach the lungs.

Tiny particles of medication, suitable for inhalation, allowing drug absorption in the lungs.

The small air sacs in the lungs where inhaled medication is absorbed.

Administration of medication directly into a vein, providing rapid drug delivery into the bloodstream.

A potential complication of IV administration where a blood clot forms in a vein.

A potential complication of IV administration where fluid leaks out of the vein into surrounding tissue.

A potential complication of IV administration where medication is injected into the muscle, providing slower absorption compared to IV.

A potential complication of IM administration where a needle damages a nerve or blood vessel.

Administration of medication under the skin, providing slower absorption than IV but faster than oral.

A potential complication of SUBQ administration where the drug irritates the tissue around the injection site.

Administration of medication by mouth, providing the easiest and most convenient route but with variable absorption.

The primary organ responsible for eliminating drugs from the body.

The process by which drugs are broken down into smaller molecules in the body.

The time it takes for half of a drug to be eliminated from the body.

The state where the amount of drug entering the body equals the amount being eliminated.

The time it takes for a drug to start having its therapeutic effect.

The time it takes for a drug to reach its maximum therapeutic effect.

The length of time a drug concentration is sufficient to produce a therapeutic effect.

The highest concentration of a drug in the blood after administration.

The lowest concentration of a drug in the blood between doses.

The process of removing drugs from the body through the intestines.

The process where a drug is absorbed into the bloodstream, returned to the liver, and secreted again into the bile.

The process by which free drugs and metabolites are filtered through the glomerulus.

The process by which substances in the nephrons are reabsorbed back into the bloodstream.

The process by which substances are secreted into the nephrons from the surrounding vasculature.

The process by which drugs are taken up by the liver, released into the bile, and eliminated in the feces.

When two drugs compete for the same binding sites on albumin, a protein in the blood. This can lead to more free drug in the bloodstream because fewer molecules are bound.

A theoretical volume used to describe how a drug distributes in the body - where it goes and in what concentrations.

Enzymes that are involved in the metabolism of many drugs, particularly those that are fat-soluble.

When the presence of one drug alters the effects of another drug that is taken at the same time.

Drugs that increase the activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes, often leading to faster drug breakdown and shorter effects.

Drugs that decrease the activity of drug-metabolizing enzymes, often causing drugs to break down slower, leading to higher levels and longer effects.

A protein found in the cell membrane that acts like a pump, transporting drugs out of the cell.

The desired, positive change in a faulty system that a drug is intended to produce.

The specific molecule or structure on a cell that a drug binds to, causing a physiological response.

The degree to which a drug binds and interacts with a receptor, determining the strength of its effect.

A drug that binds to a receptor and elicits a response, producing the desired effect.

A drug that binds to a receptor but does not elicit a response, instead blocking the action of other drugs.

Drugs that act by altering cell membranes or interfering with metabolic processes, not through specific receptor or enzyme interactions.

The pre-determined goal or outcome of drug therapy, tailored to each patient's specific needs and health status.

The process of evaluating a patient's medical history, current medications, and potential risks before starting a drug regimen.

Any patient condition or factor that makes a particular drug dangerous or inappropriate to administer.

The process of monitoring a patient's response to drug therapy, including the effectiveness and any side effects.

An assessment of the patient's response to drug therapy, focusing on effectiveness, safety, and any adverse effects.

The process of monitoring a patient's response to drug therapy, including the effectiveness and any side effects.

A type of therapy used for patients who are acutely ill, often involving intensive drug treatment to sustain life or treat disease.

A type of therapy that aims to prevent progression of a disease or condition, but does not eradicate existing problems.

Therapy that provides the body with substances it cannot produce or produces in insufficient quantities to maintain normal function.

Therapy focused on providing comfort and symptom relief for patients with serious illness, especially when curative treatment is not possible.

Therapy that supports the body's functions during recovery from illness or trauma, helping the patient maintain stability.

Therapy used to prevent illness or undesirable outcomes before they occur, often during planned events.

Therapy based on clinical probabilities, involving drug administration when a specific condition is highly likely based on symptoms.

The process of evaluating the effectiveness of therapy by observing a patient's clinical response to treatment.

The ratio of a drug's toxic level to the level that provides therapeutic benefits, determining the drug's safety.

The concentration of a drug in the blood, which can be used to evaluate clinical response and identify potential risks.

An unexpected, individual reaction to a drug, not related to known properties or allergies. It's usually caused by a genetic difference in drug metabolism.

The study of how drug effects vary between individuals, often due to genetic differences.

When two or more drugs interact within the body, resulting in an unwanted effect. The effect can be enhanced or reduced.

A deficiency or excess of specific enzymes involved in drug metabolism, leading to unusual reactions.

A type of drug interaction where the presence of one drug alters the effect of another.

A drug that is formulated to release its medication slowly over an extended period, often days to months.

A drug interaction that occurs when two drugs with similar actions are given together, resulting in an effect that is the sum of the individual effects.

A drug interaction that occurs when two drugs administered together result in an effect that is greater than the sum of the effects for each drug given alone.

A drug interaction that occurs when two drugs administered together have an effect that is less than the sum of the effects for each drug given separately.

A decreasing response to repeated drug doses.

A physiologic or psychological need for a drug to avoid withdrawal symptoms.

When substances or medications are mixed together and result in a chemical deterioration or formation of a physical precipitate.

A measure of the drug's strength, referring to the amount of drug needed to produce a therapeutic effect.

A reaction to a drug that is unexpected and undesirable, happening at therapeutic dosages.

An event involving medication that has an undesirable outcome, ranging from mild to life-threatening.

A type of ADE that is preventable, occurring due to errors in medication use.

An event that is noticed before it actually occurs, preventing potential harm.

A reaction due to the normal effects of a drug being exaggerated, like blood pressure dropping too low with a blood pressure medication.

A reaction triggered by the patient's immune system, often involving antibodies recognizing the drug as a foreign substance.

A reaction that cannot be explained by normal drug actions or hypersensitivity, often unpredictable.