Questions and Answers
What is the main focus of pharmacology?
What is the study of the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs called?
What is the last stage of the drug development process?
What is the term for the increased effect of two or more drugs?
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What is the desired effect of a drug?
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What type of drug binds to a receptor and blocks its activation?
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What is the term for the monitoring of drug safety after approval?
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What is the study of the use of drugs in the treatment of diseases called?
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Study Notes
What is Pharmacology?
- Study of the effects of drugs on living organisms
- Examines the interactions between drugs and biological systems
- Aims to understand how drugs work, their benefits, and their risks
Branches of Pharmacology
- Pharmacokinetics: study of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME)
- Pharmacodynamics: study of the effects of drugs on the body
- Pharmacotherapeutics: study of the use of drugs in the treatment of diseases
- Toxicology: study of the adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals
Drug Development Process
- Discovery: identification of a potential drug candidate
- Preclinical testing: testing in laboratory animals to assess safety and efficacy
- Clinical trials: testing in humans to assess safety and efficacy
- Approval: regulatory approval for marketing and sale
- Post-marketing surveillance: monitoring of drug safety after approval
Drug Interactions
- Synergism: increased effect of two or more drugs
- Antagonism: decreased effect of two or more drugs
- Additive effect: combined effect of two or more drugs is equal to the sum of their individual effects
Pharmacological Effects
- Therapeutic effect: desired effect of a drug
- Side effect: undesired effect of a drug
- Adverse reaction: harmful effect of a drug
- Idiosyncratic reaction: unexpected and unpredictable effect of a drug
Receptors and Pharmacological Response
- Receptors: specific proteins that bind to drugs
- Agonist: drug that binds to a receptor and activates it
- Antagonist: drug that binds to a receptor and blocks its activation
- Partial agonist: drug that binds to a receptor and activates it partially
What is Pharmacology?
- Examines the effects of drugs on living organisms, understanding how drugs interact with biological systems
- Aims to understand how drugs work, their benefits, and their risks
Branches of Pharmacology
- Pharmacokinetics: studies drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) to understand how the body processes drugs
- Pharmacodynamics: investigates the effects of drugs on the body to understand how drugs produce their effects
- Pharmacotherapeutics: focuses on the use of drugs in the treatment of diseases to understand how to effectively use drugs in therapy
- Toxicology: examines the adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals to understand how to minimize harm
Drug Development Process
- Discovery: identifying potential drug candidates through research
- Preclinical testing: testing potential drugs in laboratory animals to assess safety and efficacy
- Clinical trials: testing potential drugs in humans to assess safety and efficacy
- Approval: obtaining regulatory approval for marketing and sale of a drug
- Post-marketing surveillance: monitoring drug safety after approval to identify any adverse effects
Drug Interactions
- Synergism: when the combined effect of two or more drugs is greater than the sum of their individual effects
- Antagonism: when the combined effect of two or more drugs is less than the sum of their individual effects
- Additive effect: when the combined effect of two or more drugs is equal to the sum of their individual effects
Pharmacological Effects
- Therapeutic effect: the desired effect of a drug, what the drug is intended to achieve
- Side effect: an undesired effect of a drug, which may be harmless or harmful
- Adverse reaction: a harmful effect of a drug, which may be severe or life-threatening
- Idiosyncratic reaction: an unexpected and unpredictable effect of a drug, which may be unique to an individual
Receptors and Pharmacological Response
- Receptors: specific proteins that bind to drugs, triggering a response
- Agonist: a drug that binds to a receptor, triggering a response
- Antagonist: a drug that binds to a receptor, blocking its activation
- Partial agonist: a drug that binds to a receptor, partially activating it
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Description
Learn about the effects of drugs on living organisms, including interactions and biological systems. This quiz covers the basics of pharmacology, including its branches and applications.
