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Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic of a brand name?
What is the primary purpose of the United States Pharmacopeial Convention?
Why should a nurse use both generic and trade names when teaching a patient with a new prescription?
What is the main difference between prescription and nonprescription drugs?
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What is an example of a source of drug standards and drug information?
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Which act requires the FDA to determine the safety of drugs before marketing?
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What is the primary purpose of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)?
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What is the characteristic of a Schedule I drug?
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How long can a prescription be valid for Schedule III, IV, and V drugs?
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What is the average time and cost it takes to develop a new drug?
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Study Notes
Drug Nomenclature
- Each drug has three names: chemical name, generic name, and brand name
- Generic name is not capitalized and is assigned before a drug becomes official
- Brand name is a trademark and is followed by the symbol ®
Drug Classification
- Body System Classification (e.g. cardiovascular, GI)
- Therapeutic Use or Clinical Indications (e.g. antacids, antiHTN, diuretics, laxatives)
- Physiologic or Chemical Action (e.g. anticholinergics, calcium channel blockers)
Prescription and Nonprescription Drugs
- Prescription drugs require an order by a licensed health professional
- Nonprescription drugs are OTC drugs sold without a prescription
Sources of Drug Standards and Information
- United States Pharmacopeial Convention: provides standards for identity, quality, strength, and purity of substances used in healthcare
- Package inserts must be approved by the FDA before marketing
- Electronic databases (e.g. cumulative index of nursing and allied health, lexi-comp, ePocrates, DailyMed)
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act of 1938
- Requires the FDA to determine the safety of drugs before marketing
- Ensures certain labeling specifications and standards in advertising are met
Controlled Substance Act of 1970
- Designed to improve administration and regulation of drug manufacturing, distribution, and dispensing
- Classifies drugs into five schedules based on potential for abuse and medical use
Drug Schedules
- Schedule I: no medical use, high potential for abuse, and lack of accepted safety (e.g. LSD, Heroin)
- Schedule II: high potential for abuse, currently accepted for medical use, and may lead to severe psychological or physical dependence (e.g. amphetamines, morphine, Vicodin, methadone, percodan, adderall)
- Schedule III: high potential for abuse but less than Schedule I and II, currently accepted for medical use, and may lead to moderate or low physical dependence or high psychological dependence (e.g. empirin with codeine, fiorinal, Tylenol with codeine)
- Schedule IV: low potential for abuse compared to Schedule III, currently accepted for medical use, and may lead to limited physical or psychological dependence (e.g. phenobarbital, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, xanax, flurazepam, temazepam)
- Schedule V: low potential for abuse with drugs in Schedule IV, currently accepted for medical use, and abuse potential is low (e.g. Lomotil, Robitussin AC)
Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA)
- Enforces the Controlled Substances Act
- Gathers intelligence, trains officers, and conducts research on dangerous drugs and drug use
Drug Development
- 4 stages: preclinical research and development, clinical research and development, New Drug Application (NDA) review, and post-marketing surveillance
- Average of 8-15 years and over $2 billion in research required
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Description
Learn about the different types of drug names, classification systems, and more. Test your knowledge on drug nomenclature and classification!
