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Questions and Answers
Which adrenergic receptor is primarily responsible for vasoconstriction in blood vessels and through which cellular mechanism?
α1 receptor, increases Ca² channels, PLC, and PLA2
Describe the role of β1 receptors in the heart and the cellular response they mediate.
β1 receptors increase heart rate and contraction via activation of adenyl cyclase, cAMP, and PKA.
Which receptor subtype specifically inhibits norepinephrine release and how?
α2-A receptor, by inhibiting adenyl cyclase and decreasing cAMP and PKA.
Identify the adrenergic receptor involved in lipolysis and describe its cellular mechanism.
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What is the functional outcome of β2 receptor activation in the bronchi?
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Which adrenergic receptor subtype mediates glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver?
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What is the effect of α1-A and α1-D receptor subtypes in the urinary bladder?
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Explain the cellular response associated with α2 receptor activation and its impact on cAMP levels.
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Study Notes
Adrenergic Receptors
- α1 Receptors: Located postsynaptically in smooth muscle of blood vessels, genitourinary, intestine, liver, and heart; increase Ca² channels and phospholipase C (PLC) and A2 (PLA2) activity; response includes vasoconstriction, contraction, relaxation, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis, and cardiac growth.
- α1-A Subtype: Mediates vasoconstriction.
- α1-B Subtype: Promotes cardiac growth.
- α1-A and α1-D Subtypes: Located in trigone and urethra of urinary bladder and prostate.
α2 Receptors
- α2 Receptors: Located in nerve terminals (presynaptic), smooth muscle of blood vessels, platelets, and β cells of pancreas; inhibit adenyl cyclase (AC) activity, decrease cAMP, and decrease phosphokinase A (PKA) activity; response includes inhibition of sympathetic neurons, contraction, aggregation, and insulin release.
- α2-A Subtype: Located presynaptically at sympathetic nerve terminals; inhibits norepinephrine release, causing vasodilatation.
- α2-B Subtype: Located postsynaptically in smooth muscle of blood vessels; causes vasoconstriction.
β Receptors
- β1 Receptors: Located in heart and kidney; activate AC, increase cAMP, and increase PKA activity; response includes increased heart rate and contraction, and renin release.
- β2 Receptors: Located in smooth muscle of blood vessels, bronchi, intestine, skeletal muscles, and liver; activate AC, increase cAMP, and increase PKA activity; response includes relaxation, hypertrophy, glycogenolysis, and gluconeogenesis.
- β3 Receptors: Located in adipose tissues; activate AC, increase cAMP, and increase PKA activity; response includes lipolysis.
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Description
This quiz covers the principles of adrenergic receptors, including their locations, cellular responses, and functional responses. It is a key concept in pharmacology, specifically in the study of the nervous system and drug interactions.
