35 Questions
Prodrugs are often designed to improve drug ______
bioavailability
The most important organ for drug ______ is the kidney
excretion
The time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to be reduced by half is called ______
half-life
By giving a large initial dose of a drug, a ______ dose can be achieved
loading
Filtration moves drugs from blood to urine in the process of ______ excretion
renal
Which route of administration achieves systemic effects by application of drugs to the skin?
Transdermal
What is the driving force for passive diffusion of a drug?
Concentration gradient
Which organ is the primary site of drug metabolism?
Liver
Which of the following routes of drug administration provides rapid delivery of the drug across the large surface area of mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and pulmonary epithelium?
Oral inhalation and nasal preparation
What does absorption refer to in pharmacokinetics?
The process of a drug entering the circulating fluids and tissues
Why is it necessary to introduce drugs directly into the cerebrospinal fluid in some cases?
To achieve a rapid drug effect
Which process is responsible for converting lipid soluble drugs into more hydrophilic forms?
First Pass Effect
What is the purpose of using prodrugs?
To improve drug bioavailability
What is the primary route of drug excretion from the body?
Kidney
Which step in renal drug excretion involves the movement of lipid-soluble drugs back into the blood?
Passive Reabsorption
Match the following terms with their definitions in pharmacokinetics:
Pharmacokinetics = Study of drug movement throughout the body Absorption = What happens to a drug from the time it is introduced to the body until it reaches the circulating fluids and tissues Enteral = Routes of drug administration like oral, rectal Intrathecal/intraventricular = Introduction of drugs directly into the cerebrospinal fluid when rapid effects are needed
Match the following routes of drug administration with their descriptions:
Oral inhalation and nasal preparation = Provides rapid delivery of drug across the large surface area of mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and pulmonary epithelium Parenteral = Routes like IV, IM, SC, ID Oral (Enteric Coated and Extended Release) = Type of enteral administration Rectal = Type of enteral administration
Match the following terms with their definitions in drug administration:
Oral/Nasal Inhalations = Administration provides rapid delivery of drug across the large surface area of mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and pulmonary epithelium Topical = Administration achieves systemic effects by application of drugs to the skin Intrathecal and Intraventricular = Introduction of drugs directly into the cerebrospinal fluid when rapid effects are needed Sublingual and Buccal = Type of enteral administration
Match the following drug absorption methods with their descriptions:
Passive Diffusion = Movement of a drug from an area of high concentration to one of lower concentration without a carrier Active Transport = Requires a carrier and energy to move the drug against a concentration gradient Facilitated Diffusion = Relies on a carrier protein to move the drug from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration Endocytosis = Absorption method used to transport drugs of exceptionally large size across the cell membrane
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Bioavailability = The amount of drug that reaches in the bloodstream Distribution = The movement of the drug from the circulation to body tissues Metabolism (Biotransformation) = The chemical alteration of drug structure Protein Binding = The more bound to the protein, the more difficult it can before the medication to be released and able to cross membranes to get to the tissue cells
Match the following routes of drug administration with their effects:
Topical = Used when a local effect of the drug is desired Transdermal = Achieves systemic effects by application of drugs to the skin, usually via a transdermal patch Oral = Bioavailability is always less than 100% IV = Bioavailability is 100%
Match the following definitions with their corresponding terms:
Half-Life (t½) = The time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to be reduced by half First Pass Effect = When a drug is absorbed from the GI tract, it enters the portal circulation before entering the systemic circulation Prodrug = A compound that is metabolized into an active pharmacologic substance Steady State = Occurs when the amount of drug being administered is the same as the amount of drug being eliminated
Match the terms to their definitions:
Loading Dose = Large initial dose of drug administration Drug Excretion = Defined as the removal of drugs from the body Glomerular Filtration = Process where filtration moves drugs from blood to urine Passive Reabsorption = Process where lipid-soluble drugs move back into the blood
Match the following processes with their descriptions:
Active transport = Tubular “pumps” for organic acids and bases move drugs from blood to urine Steady State = When the amount of drug being administered is the same as the amount of drug being eliminated First Pass Effect = When a drug is absorbed from the GI tract, it enters the portal circulation before entering the systemic circulation Half-Life (t½) = The time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to be reduced by half
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Non Renal Routes of Excretion = Breast Milk, Bile, Lungs, Sweat and Saliva Prodrug = A compound that is metabolized into an active pharmacologic substance Loading Dose = Large initial dose of drug administration Drug Excretion = Defined as the removal of drugs from the body
Pharmacokinetics is the study of drug movement throughout the body.
True
Routes of drug administration include oral, nasal, and intrathecal methods.
True
The blood-brain barrier prevents the absorption of drugs into the central nervous system.
True
True or false: Topical application is used when a systemic effect of the drug is desired?
False
True or false: Passive diffusion involves the movement of a drug from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration?
True
True or false: The blood-brain barrier allows drugs that are highly lipid-soluble to pass through and reach the central nervous system?
True
Drug metabolism primarily promotes renal drug excretion.
True
The first-pass effect occurs when a drug enters the systemic circulation before entering the portal circulation.
False
Prodrugs are compounds that are metabolized into inactive pharmacologic substances.
False
The half-life of a drug is affected by factors such as drug administration, metabolism, and elimination.
True
Test your knowledge of pharmacokinetics and its importance in drug therapy. Learn about drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination. Explore how nurses can apply their understanding of pharmacokinetics to optimize patient outcomes.
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