Pharmacokinetics Quiz B

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Prodrugs are often designed to improve drug ______

bioavailability

The most important organ for drug ______ is the kidney

excretion

The time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to be reduced by half is called ______

half-life

By giving a large initial dose of a drug, a ______ dose can be achieved

loading Signup and view all the answers

Filtration moves drugs from blood to urine in the process of ______ excretion

renal Signup and view all the answers

Which route of administration achieves systemic effects by application of drugs to the skin?

Transdermal Signup and view all the answers

What is the driving force for passive diffusion of a drug?

Concentration gradient Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is the primary site of drug metabolism?

Liver Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following routes of drug administration provides rapid delivery of the drug across the large surface area of mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and pulmonary epithelium?

Oral inhalation and nasal preparation Signup and view all the answers

What does absorption refer to in pharmacokinetics?

The process of a drug entering the circulating fluids and tissues Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to introduce drugs directly into the cerebrospinal fluid in some cases?

To achieve a rapid drug effect Signup and view all the answers

Which process is responsible for converting lipid soluble drugs into more hydrophilic forms?

First Pass Effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using prodrugs?

To improve drug bioavailability Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary route of drug excretion from the body?

Kidney Signup and view all the answers

Which step in renal drug excretion involves the movement of lipid-soluble drugs back into the blood?

Passive Reabsorption Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions in pharmacokinetics:

Pharmacokinetics = Study of drug movement throughout the body Absorption = What happens to a drug from the time it is introduced to the body until it reaches the circulating fluids and tissues Enteral = Routes of drug administration like oral, rectal Intrathecal/intraventricular = Introduction of drugs directly into the cerebrospinal fluid when rapid effects are needed Signup and view all the answers

Match the following routes of drug administration with their descriptions:

Oral inhalation and nasal preparation = Provides rapid delivery of drug across the large surface area of mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and pulmonary epithelium Parenteral = Routes like IV, IM, SC, ID Oral (Enteric Coated and Extended Release) = Type of enteral administration Rectal = Type of enteral administration Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions in drug administration:

Oral/Nasal Inhalations = Administration provides rapid delivery of drug across the large surface area of mucous membranes of the respiratory tract and pulmonary epithelium Topical = Administration achieves systemic effects by application of drugs to the skin Intrathecal and Intraventricular = Introduction of drugs directly into the cerebrospinal fluid when rapid effects are needed Sublingual and Buccal = Type of enteral administration Signup and view all the answers

Match the following drug absorption methods with their descriptions:

Passive Diffusion = Movement of a drug from an area of high concentration to one of lower concentration without a carrier Active Transport = Requires a carrier and energy to move the drug against a concentration gradient Facilitated Diffusion = Relies on a carrier protein to move the drug from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration Endocytosis = Absorption method used to transport drugs of exceptionally large size across the cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Bioavailability = The amount of drug that reaches in the bloodstream Distribution = The movement of the drug from the circulation to body tissues Metabolism (Biotransformation) = The chemical alteration of drug structure Protein Binding = The more bound to the protein, the more difficult it can before the medication to be released and able to cross membranes to get to the tissue cells Signup and view all the answers

Match the following routes of drug administration with their effects:

Topical = Used when a local effect of the drug is desired Transdermal = Achieves systemic effects by application of drugs to the skin, usually via a transdermal patch Oral = Bioavailability is always less than 100% IV = Bioavailability is 100% Signup and view all the answers

Match the following definitions with their corresponding terms:

Half-Life (t½) = The time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to be reduced by half First Pass Effect = When a drug is absorbed from the GI tract, it enters the portal circulation before entering the systemic circulation Prodrug = A compound that is metabolized into an active pharmacologic substance Steady State = Occurs when the amount of drug being administered is the same as the amount of drug being eliminated Signup and view all the answers

Match the terms to their definitions:

Loading Dose = Large initial dose of drug administration Drug Excretion = Defined as the removal of drugs from the body Glomerular Filtration = Process where filtration moves drugs from blood to urine Passive Reabsorption = Process where lipid-soluble drugs move back into the blood Signup and view all the answers

Match the following processes with their descriptions:

Active transport = Tubular “pumps” for organic acids and bases move drugs from blood to urine Steady State = When the amount of drug being administered is the same as the amount of drug being eliminated First Pass Effect = When a drug is absorbed from the GI tract, it enters the portal circulation before entering the systemic circulation Half-Life (t½) = The time it takes for the amount of drug in the body to be reduced by half Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Non Renal Routes of Excretion = Breast Milk, Bile, Lungs, Sweat and Saliva Prodrug = A compound that is metabolized into an active pharmacologic substance Loading Dose = Large initial dose of drug administration Drug Excretion = Defined as the removal of drugs from the body Signup and view all the answers