Pharmacokinetics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What solution can the nurse use for IV administration of Depakote?

  • 5% dextrose
  • 0.9% sodium chloride (correct)
  • Lactated Ringer's solution
  • 10% potassium chloride

    • How long is IV infusion of Depakote recommended to occur over?

  • 2 hours
  • 30 minutes
  • 45 minutes
  • 1 hour (correct)

    • For how long is IV administration permissible for Depakote?

  • 7 days
  • 14 days (correct)
  • 21 days
  • 30 days

    • How should Depakote ER be administered to children?

    <p>Sprinkled on applesauce or pudding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicative that the therapeutic effects of valproate have been attained?

    <p>Presence of simple and complex absent seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse assess the patient for signs and symptoms of?

    <p>Pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nurse routinely assess the patient’s liver function tests for?

    <p>Hepatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which herb decreases the effect of Depakote?

    <p>Ginkgo biloba</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication's serum levels may increase when combined with valproate?

    <p>Phenobarbital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication to valproate?

    <p>Hepatic impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the half-life of carbamazepine?

    <p>12 to 17 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is carbamazepine primarily excreted from the body?

    <p>Feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does carbamazepine have on liver enzymes?

    <p>Induces liver enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does carbamazepine affect sodium channels within the cortical neurons?

    <p>Inhibits sodium influx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the onset of action for the regular oral preparation of carbamazepine?

    <p>4 to 5 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does carbamazepine's antiepileptic activity relate to polysynaptic responses?

    <p>Inhibits polysynaptic responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary route of administration for carbamazepine?

    <p>Oral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of carbamazepine?

    <p>Inhibits action potential</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does carbamazepine have on posttetanic potentiation?

    <p>Inhibits posttetanic potentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does carbamazepine's onset of action in the oral suspension compare to the regular oral preparation?

    <p>Faster onset in oral suspension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the onset of action for regular oral preparation of carbamazepine?

    <p>4 to 5 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is carbamazepine metabolized in the body?

    <p>Metabolized by the liver and excreted in the feces and urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does carbamazepine induce in the body?

    <p>Liver enzymes to increase metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the half-life of carbamazepine?

    <p>12 to 17 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does carbamazepine affect sodium channels within the cortical neurons?

    <p>It affects sodium channels similar to tricyclic antidepressants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism of action of carbamazepine believed to be related to?

    <p>Inhibition of polysynaptic responses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the variability of the half-life of carbamazepine related to?

    <p>Autoinduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is carbamazepine excreted in the body?

    <p>Feces and urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the peak time for the oral suspension preparation of carbamazepine?

    <p>1.5 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does carbamazepine decrease the action potential of the cell?

    <p>By inhibiting the influx of sodium into the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is associated with carbamazepine use?

    <p>Aplastic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a contraindication for carbamazepine use?

    <p>Hypersensitivity reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a life-threatening adverse effect of valproate?

    <p>Pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition warrants caution when administering valproate?

    <p>Renal impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be monitored in older adults taking carbamazepine?

    <p>Sedation and confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication may interact with carbamazepine, affecting its effects?

    <p>Warfarin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a BLACK BOX WARNING for valproate?

    <p>Discontinuation at signs of pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be included in patient teaching for carbamazepine?

    <p>Taking the medication with food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is synthesized from valeric acid found in the herb valerian?

    <p>Valproate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be adjusted slowly in the elderly when administering valproate?

    <p>Dosage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used to prevent partial seizures with complex symptoms, generalized tonic–clonic and mixed seizures, and uncontrolled seizures or CNS depression on other AEDs?

    <p>Carbamazepine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a serious adverse effect of carbamazepine?

    <p>Aplastic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication has BLACK BOX WARNINGS for discontinuation at signs of pancreatitis, teratogenicity, and checking for signs of bleeding or bruising?

    <p>Valproate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a cautionary consideration when administering valproate?

    <p>Renal impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adverse effect is associated with carbamazepine use in older adults?

    <p>Increased sedation and confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the contraindications for carbamazepine?

    <p>Hypersensitivity reactions and use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication interacts with warfarin and Ginkgo biloba, affecting its effects?

    <p>Carbamazepine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an adverse effect of valproate related to bleeding?

    <p>Altered bleeding time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant adverse effect of valproate related to the liver?

    <p>Hepatic failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered when administering valproate to the elderly?

    <p>Dosage should be adjusted slowly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Antiepileptic Drugs: Carbamazepine and Valproate

    • Carbamazepine is used to prevent partial seizures with complex symptoms, generalized tonic–clonic and mixed seizures, and uncontrolled seizures or CNS depression on other AEDs
    • It may result in increased sedation and confusion in older adults
    • Caution is necessary in patients with renal or hepatic impairment due to potential adverse effects, including hepatic cellular necrosis
    • Serious adverse effects of carbamazepine include aplastic anemia, agranulocytosis, heart block, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, respiratory depression, hepatitis, and suicidal ideation
    • Contraindications for carbamazepine include hypersensitivity reactions, use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and history of certain conditions
    • Some medications interact with carbamazepine, affecting its effects, such as warfarin and Ginkgo biloba
    • Administration guidelines for carbamazepine include precautions with monoamine oxidase inhibitors, extended-release tablets, and suspension, and monitoring for therapeutic and adverse effects
    • Patient teaching for carbamazepine includes taking the medication with food, avoiding abrupt discontinuation, and reporting symptoms of concern
    • Valproate is synthesized from valeric acid found in the herb valerian and is used for simple and complex absence seizures, as well as seizures related to Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
    • Caution is necessary in renal or hepatic impairment when administering valproate, and the dosage should be adjusted slowly in the elderly
    • Life-threatening adverse effects of valproate include pancreatitis and hepatic failure, with other significant adverse effects including altered bleeding time, thrombocytopenia, and CNS effects
    • FDA has issued BLACK BOX WARNINGS for valproate, including discontinuation at signs of pancreatitis, teratogenicity, and checking for signs of bleeding or bruising

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of iminostilbenes, such as the prototype carbamazepine (Tegretol), with this pharmacokinetics quiz. Explore topics like absorption, onset of action, and administration of iminostilbenes.

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