35 Questions
What is the process by which cells carry a drug across their membrane by engulfing the drug particles in a vesicle?
Pinocytosis
Which type of drugs can pass rapidly through the mucous membrane of the GI tract?
Lipid-soluble drugs
What is the term for the movement of the drug from the circulation to body tissues?
Distribution
What is the primary site of drug metabolism in the body?
Liver
Which condition adversely affects glomerular filtration?
Postrenal conditions
What is the study of the effects of drugs on the body?
Pharmacodynamics
What refers to the amount of drug needed to elicit a specific physiologic response to a drug?
Potency
What is the term for the time it takes for a drug in the body to be reduced by half?
$Half-life$
What is a compound that is metabolized into an active pharmacologic substance?
$Prodrug$
What does the therapeutic index describe?
$ED50/TD50$ relationship
What allows therapeutic effects to be obtained while a steady state is reached?
Loading dose
What are common tests used to determine renal function?
Creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
Which phase describes the movement of the drug through the body after administration?
Pharmacokinetic phase
What is the process known as when a drug in solid form disintegrates into small particles and combines with a liquid to form a solution?
Dissolution
How does absorption across the mucosal lining of the small intestine occur?
Passive transport, active transport, or pinocytosis
Which process involves drugs moving across the cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration?
Diffusion
What is required for active absorption to move the drug against a concentration gradient?
Energy
Which phase is composed of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes?
Pharmacokinetic phase
What is the movement of the drug into the bloodstream after administration called?
Drug absorption
What does facilitated diffusion rely on to move the drug from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?
Carrier protein
What is required for active transport to move the drug against a concentration gradient?
Energy
In which phase does drug distribution occur?
Pharmacokinetic phase
What enables drugs taken orally to be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream?
Dissolution
What are the processes involved in the pharmacokinetic phase?
Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion
Which term refers to the time it takes for a drug to reach the minimum effective concentration (MEC) after administration?
Onset
What is the term used for drugs that affect multiple receptor sites?
Nonspecific
What is the term for a skin reaction caused by exposure to sunlight as a result of drug interaction?
Photosensitivity reaction
In pharmacokinetic interactions, what types of changes occur in one or more drugs?
Altered absorption and distribution
What causes an individual with drug tolerance to require a higher dosage of drug to achieve the same therapeutic response?
Decreased responsiveness to a drug
Which family do most receptors, which are protein in nature, belong to?
Cell membrane-embedded enzymes
What is the term for drugs that elicit only moderate activity when binding to receptors and also prevent receptor activation by other drugs?
Partial agonists
What is the term for unintentional, unexpected reactions to drug therapy that occur at normal drug dosages?
Adverse drug reactions
What is the name for the changes that occur in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of one or more drugs due to interaction with other drugs?
Drug interactions
Which term refers to a decreased responsiveness to a drug over the course of therapy?
Tolerance
What do drugs that activate receptors and produce a desired response called?
Agonists
Test your knowledge of key concepts in pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacogenetics. This quiz covers the movement of drugs through the body, drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and related concepts.
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