Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Pharmacogenetics Key Points
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Questions and Answers

What is the process by which cells carry a drug across their membrane by engulfing the drug particles in a vesicle?

  • Phagocytosis
  • Pinocytosis (correct)
  • Exocytosis
  • Endocytosis

    • Which type of drugs can pass rapidly through the mucous membrane of the GI tract?

  • Water-soluble drugs
  • Lipid-soluble drugs (correct)
  • Ionized drugs
  • Large particles

    • What is the term for the movement of the drug from the circulation to body tissues?

  • Distribution (correct)
  • Excretion
  • Metabolism
  • Absorption

    • What is the primary site of drug metabolism in the body?

    <p>Liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition adversely affects glomerular filtration?

    <p>Postrenal conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of the effects of drugs on the body?

    <p>Pharmacodynamics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What refers to the amount of drug needed to elicit a specific physiologic response to a drug?

    <p>Potency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the time it takes for a drug in the body to be reduced by half?

    <p>$Half-life$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a compound that is metabolized into an active pharmacologic substance?

    <p>$Prodrug$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the therapeutic index describe?

    <p>$ED50/TD50$ relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What allows therapeutic effects to be obtained while a steady state is reached?

    <p>Loading dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are common tests used to determine renal function?

    <p>Creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase describes the movement of the drug through the body after administration?

    <p>Pharmacokinetic phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process known as when a drug in solid form disintegrates into small particles and combines with a liquid to form a solution?

    <p>Dissolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does absorption across the mucosal lining of the small intestine occur?

    <p>Passive transport, active transport, or pinocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process involves drugs moving across the cell membrane from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration?

    <p>Diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for active absorption to move the drug against a concentration gradient?

    <p>Energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase is composed of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion processes?

    <p>Pharmacokinetic phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the movement of the drug into the bloodstream after administration called?

    <p>Drug absorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does facilitated diffusion rely on to move the drug from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration?

    <p>Carrier protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for active transport to move the drug against a concentration gradient?

    <p>Energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which phase does drug distribution occur?

    <p>Pharmacokinetic phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enables drugs taken orally to be absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into the bloodstream?

    <p>Dissolution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the processes involved in the pharmacokinetic phase?

    <p>Absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the time it takes for a drug to reach the minimum effective concentration (MEC) after administration?

    <p>Onset</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for drugs that affect multiple receptor sites?

    <p>Nonspecific</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for a skin reaction caused by exposure to sunlight as a result of drug interaction?

    <p>Photosensitivity reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In pharmacokinetic interactions, what types of changes occur in one or more drugs?

    <p>Altered absorption and distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes an individual with drug tolerance to require a higher dosage of drug to achieve the same therapeutic response?

    <p>Decreased responsiveness to a drug</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which family do most receptors, which are protein in nature, belong to?

    <p>Cell membrane-embedded enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for drugs that elicit only moderate activity when binding to receptors and also prevent receptor activation by other drugs?

    <p>Partial agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for unintentional, unexpected reactions to drug therapy that occur at normal drug dosages?

    <p>Adverse drug reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name for the changes that occur in the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of one or more drugs due to interaction with other drugs?

    <p>Drug interactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to a decreased responsiveness to a drug over the course of therapy?

    <p>Tolerance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do drugs that activate receptors and produce a desired response called?

    <p>Agonists</p> Signup and view all the answers

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