Pharmacokinetics Overview

Which of the following factors influence drug absorption?

What is the primary site of drug metabolism in the body?

Which of the following is NOT a route of drug excretion?

What does the term 'bioavailability' (F) refer to in pharmacokinetics?

Which pharmacokinetic parameter describes the apparent distribution of a drug within the body?

What does the term 'Tmax' represent on a plasma concentration-time curve?

Which of the following statements about Cmax is correct?

Which of the following terms describes the extent of drug absorption?

What is the hepatic extraction ratio (ER) defined as?

What is the relationship between hepatic extraction ratio (ER), hepatic clearance (ClH), and blood flow (Q)?

Which of the following drug characteristics are important for passive diffusion?

Which of the following drugs would likely have a high oral bioavailability?

What is the approximate bioavailability (F) of morphine, considering its ER is 0.75?

Why do drugs with high ER require higher oral doses or alternative routes of administration?

What is the main difference between paracellular and transcellular absorption of drugs?

Which of the following is an example of a drug that utilizes a carrier protein for facilitated diffusion?

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding active transport in drug absorption?

What is the primary mechanism by which P-gp affects oral drug absorption?

What is the effect of inducing P-gp expression on drug bioavailability?

Which of the following is an example of a drug that induces P-gp, thereby lowering the absorption of another drug?

What is the effect of inhibiting P-gp activity on drug plasma concentrations?

Which of the following is an example of a drug that inhibits P-gp, leading to increased absorption of another drug?

What is the primary mechanism by which grapefruit juice affects drug absorption?

Which of the following drugs is an example of a calcium channel blocker whose plasma concentration can be significantly increased by grapefruit juice?

How do dairy products influence the absorption of certain drugs?

Which class of drugs in the BCS system is characterized by slow dissolution and high permeability?

What is the primary challenge associated with improving the bioavailability of BCS Class II drugs?

Which of the following accurately describes a drug's high permeability?

Which in vitro method is commonly used to assess the permeability of a drug substance?

Which of the following drugs are considered examples of BCS Class I or III drugs?

What is the pH range used in solubility testing to simulate gastric and intestinal conditions?

For a drug substance to be considered highly soluble, what percentage of the highest dose strength must dissolve in ≤ 250 mL of aqueous media?

Why are modified-release formulations not eligible for biowaivers, according to the content provided?

Which of the following is a characteristic of passive absorption?

Which of the following is NOT a factor influencing paracellular absorption?

Which of the following is an example of active transport?

What property of a drug is MOST important in determining its ability to cross a cell membrane via transcellular diffusion?

What does the term "saturable" mean in the context of active transport?

Which of the following is a characteristic of BOTH passive and active absorption?

Why is the paracellular route of absorption limited in tissues like the CNS?

Which of the following is an example of a drug that is actively transported across membranes?

Which of these factors contributes to pre-systemic elimination in the gastrointestinal lumen?

What is the primary function of efflux transporters in pre-systemic elimination?

Which of the following is NOT a site where pre-systemic elimination occurs?

What is the primary reason why drugs are metabolized in the liver during the hepatic first-pass effect?

Which of the following routes of drug administration bypasses the first-pass effect entirely?

How does the sublingual route of administration help to avoid the first-pass effect?

Which of the following is NOT a reason why a drug might have poor oral bioavailability?

Which route(s) of administration can be used to avoid some of pre-systemic elimination?