Pharmacokinetics & Dynamics Review

The process by which a drug is eliminated from the body.

The process by which a drug is chemically altered in the body.

The movement of a drug from the bloodstream to other tissues.

The time it takes for the concentration of a drug in the body to decrease by half.

The rate at which a drug is removed from the body.

The concentration of a drug in the body that is maintained over time.

The ability of a drug to be extracted from the blood by the liver or kidneys.

The point at which the drug reaches its maximum effect.

The study of how a drug moves through the body, including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination.

The process of a drug entering the bloodstream from the site of administration.

The movement of a drug from the bloodstream to the tissues and organs.

The breakdown of a drug by the body into inactive metabolites.

The removal of a drug and its metabolites from the body.

This refers to the sequence of events that a drug taken by mouth (PO) undergoes to reach the bloodstream and be absorbed: Gut > liver > vein > heart > lung > artery > brain.

FALSE. Intravenous drugs bypass the first-pass hepatic metabolism because they are directly injected into the bloodstream.

Drugs administered via inhalation (INH) reach the bloodstream rapidly, resembling an intravenous (IV) drug.

The pH at which 50% of a drug is in its ionized form and 50% is in its unionized form.

Drugs that are more easily absorbed into the bloodstream because they can cross cell membranes more readily. They tend to be neutral or uncharged.

These drugs are more likely to stay in aqueous environments like blood plasma or the interstitial fluid, and have a harder time crossing cell membranes.

Drugs that are in their non-ionized form are better able to cross cell membranes because they are more lipid-soluble.

Drugs that are in their ionized form have a more difficult time crossing cell membranes because they are less lipid-soluble.

This phenomenon describes how the rate of elimination of a drug is proportional to the drug concentration in the body. If the concentration is high, the rate of elimination is high. If the concentration is low, the rate of elimination is low.

The amount of drug in the body divided by the desired plasma concentration to describe how much drug is needed to reach a therapeutic level.

Ligand binding to a receptor causes an increased cellular response, amplifying the signal.

Multiple signals converge and interact within a cell, integrating information for a unified response.

A signal is passed from one molecule to another, relaying the message across the cell.

A drug that blocks the activity of a receptor, preventing the natural ligand from binding and causing a response.

The ability of a drug to produce a maximum effect, regardless of the dose.

The dose of a drug required to produce 50% of its maximum effect.

The ratio of the toxic dose (LD50) to the effective dose (ED50) of a drug.

A drug that only partially activates a receptor, producing a weaker response than a full agonist.

Potassium channels open, allowing potassium ions to flow out of the neuron, causing a return to a negative membrane potential.

The sodium-potassium pump actively transports sodium ions out of the neuron and potassium ions back into the neuron, restoring the resting membrane potential.

The site where a drug exerts its pharmacological effect.

The time it takes for a drug's concentration in the effect site to reach 50% of its concentration in the plasma.

The delay between the peak plasma concentration of a drug and the peak concentration of the drug in the effect site.

The process of drug elimination from the effect site.

The rapid movement and distribution of a drug from the plasma to the effect site.

The rate constant of drug elimination from the effect site.