Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics Quiz

Cranberry can interfere with how your body removes certain medications through the kidneys.

Garlic might make blood sugar medications less effective and increase the risk of bleeding when taken with warfarin.

Ginkgo biloba can increase bleeding risk when combined with blood thinners.

Grapefruit can make some medications, especially those processed by the liver, stronger and last longer. It can also intensify caffeine effects.

Kava can increase the effects of sedatives like barbiturates and alcohol. It can also harm the liver.

The time it takes for 50% of a drug to be eliminated from the body.

The time required for a drug to start having its intended therapeutic effect.

The length of time a drug's concentration remains effective without needing another dose.

The highest blood level of a drug after administration.

The lowest blood level of a drug between doses.

Using peak and trough levels to monitor drug exposure and ensure optimal therapy.

The study of how drugs interact with living tissues and the mechanisms by which they produce their effects.

The specific way a drug interacts with the tissues at a cellular level.

A condition that makes the use of a particular drug unsafe for a patient.

Drug therapy used to treat an acute condition or sustain life.

Drugs used to replace a missing substance in the body to maintain normal function. Example: Insulin for diabetes.

Drugs that relieve symptoms of a disease, improving comfort but not curing the underlying cause. Example: Pain medications for cancer patients.

Drugs used to support the body's function while it's recovering from an illness or injury. Example: Fluids for dehydration due to vomiting or diarrhea.

Drugs given to prevent the occurrence of a specific illness or condition. Example: Vaccines to prevent infections.

Drugs used to treat an illness before it's fully diagnosed, based on the most likely cause. Example: Antibiotics for a suspected urinary tract infection.

An undesirable effect that is a direct response to a medication, and is predictable. Example: Drowsiness from an antihistamine.

The ratio between the toxic dose and the therapeutic dose of a drug. A small index indicates a greater chance of toxicity.

A decreasing response to repeated doses of a medication, requiring higher doses for the same effect. Example: Tolerance to pain relievers.

A physiological or psychological need for a drug. Example: Addictive substances like heroin.

An unexpected and undesirable reaction to a medication that occurs within the therapeutic dose range. It involves the immune system.

Pharmacokinetics describes the journey of a drug from the moment it enters the body to its elimination. It encompasses the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME).

The movement of a drug from the bloodstream to tissues and organs throughout the body. This allows the drug to reach its target site to exert its effect.

Only unbound (free) drug molecules can pass through cell membranes and reach the target site. Bound drugs are attached to plasma proteins (like albumin) and remain inactive.

The process of breaking down drugs into smaller, inactive metabolites. This occurs mainly in the liver.

Cytochrome P450 is a major enzyme family responsible for metabolizing a large number of medications. It helps in breaking down lipid-soluble drugs.

The process by which the body eliminates waste products, including drugs and their metabolites. It's primarily carried out by the kidneys.

The time it takes for the concentration of a drug in the body to reduce by half. It's used to determine how often a medication needs to be administered.

The blood-brain barrier is a protective barrier that restricts the entry of many substances, including drugs, into the brain. It protects the brain from harmful substances.