Pharmacokinetics and Drug Bioavailability

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of Chapter 1 in the selected pharmacology test bank?

The nursing process and drug therapy (correct)

Medication errors and their prevention

Pharmacologic principles

Cultural and ethical considerations in nursing

Which chapter includes considerations for lifespan in pharmacology?

Chapter 5

Chapter 4

Chapter 2

Chapter 3 (correct)

In what chapter would you find information about psychotherapeutic drugs?

Chapter 16 (correct)

Chapter 20

Chapter 12

Chapter 24

What happens to gastric emptying in children compared to adults?

It is slower due to slow or irregular peristalsis. Signup and view all the answers

Which chapter is concerned with medications that modify coagulation?

Chapter 26 Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding hepatic function in children?

Microsomal enzyme levels are decreased due to immaturity. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to renal function in children?

Renal function may be reduced due to decreased perfusion. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of drug therapy is covered in Chapter 6?

Patient education Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about aging and pharmacokinetics?

Levels of microsomal enzymes are decreased. Signup and view all the answers

Which chapter deals with the legal and ethical considerations in pharmacology?

Chapter 4 Signup and view all the answers

How does aging affect the body composition of the elderly?

Fat content increases due to decreased lean body mass. Signup and view all the answers

What does it mean for two drugs to be bioequivalent?

They are absorbed in the same amount and have the same bioavailability. Signup and view all the answers

Which chapter focuses on antianginal drugs?

Chapter 23 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main topic of Chapter 8 in this pharmacology test bank?

Pharmacogenomics and gene therapy Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of aging on the number of functional nephrons?

The number of intact nephrons decreases. Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct definition of a prodrug?

An inactive drug that is converted to an active form in the body. Signup and view all the answers

Chapter 10 of the test bank discusses which types of drugs?

Analgesic drugs Signup and view all the answers

Which statement regarding gastric pH changes in the elderly is accurate?

Gastric pH is less acidic due to decreased hydrochloric acid production. Signup and view all the answers

Why would a nurse tell a patient that intravenous medication acts faster than pills?

IV medications bypass any metabolic process before entering the bloodstream. Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of parenteral drugs concerning absorption?

They completely avoid first-pass metabolism. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about pharmacokinetics in children is false?

First-pass elimination is enhanced compared to adults. Signup and view all the answers

Which chapter addresses the concept of substance use disorder?

Chapter 17 Signup and view all the answers

What is true about the steady state of a drug in the body?

It is a state where absorption is equal to elimination. Signup and view all the answers

The term synergistic refers to which of the following?

Two drugs producing an effect greater than their individual effects. Signup and view all the answers

What misconception might a patient have about intravenous medication?

Intravenous medication has a delayed effect compared to oral medication. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding drug administration is incorrect?

Oral medications are generally absorbed faster than intravenous ones. Signup and view all the answers

Which factors are known to contribute to drug polymorphism?

The patient's cultural practices Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reflects a violation of the principle of nonmaleficence in nursing?

Administering medications without checking allergies Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of autonomy in nursing practice?

The right of patients to make their own decisions Signup and view all the answers

During an admission assessment, which finding best reflects a cultural assessment?

The patient does not speak English Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is NOT associated with drug polymorphism?

The patient's level of education Signup and view all the answers

What aspect must nurses be familiar with to ensure safe medication administration?

The medications they are administering Signup and view all the answers

Which patient practice could indicate drug polymorphism?

Adjusting medication doses based on personal experience Signup and view all the answers

Which component does NOT typically belong to a cultural assessment in nursing?

The patient's history of chronic illness Signup and view all the answers

What should a nurse do if a patient expresses doubt about their medication order?

Check the written order and/or consult the prescriber. Signup and view all the answers

Which action is most appropriate if a nurse encounters illegible handwriting on a medication order?

Contact the prescriber for clarification. Signup and view all the answers

When is it acceptable for a nurse to continue with a medication order without verifying concerns?

When the order is written clearly. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it inappropriate for a nurse to ask a patient about their home medications when the order is unclear?

The nurse should focus solely on the prescriber's order. Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason to consult a prescriber if the medication order is illegible?

To ensure patient safety and accuracy of medication administration. Signup and view all the answers

What does it indicate if the nurse does not listen to a patient's concerns about their medication?

The nurse may be compromising patient safety. Signup and view all the answers

In the event of a medication order ambiguity, what should a nurse prioritize?

Resolving the ambiguity as quickly as possible. Signup and view all the answers

How should a nurse ideally respond to a situation where computerized medication orders are unavailable?

Contact the prescriber for necessary orders. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Bioavailability of Medications

Bioequivalent drugs have the same bioavailability when absorbed into the circulation.
A drug's steady state is reached when elimination equals absorption.
Synergistic drugs have a combined effect greater than the sum of their individual effects.
A prodrug is inactive until converted to an active metabolite within the body.

Intravenous Medications

Intravenous (IV) medications bypass the first-pass effect, resulting in faster absorption.
IV medications do not influence the frequency of adverse effects or allergic reactions.

Parenteral Drug Administration

Parenteral drugs bypass the first-pass effect.
Reduced bloodflow to the stomach can affect absorption of parenteral drugs.
Increased peristaltic activity speeds up gastric emptying.

Pharmacokinetics in the Elderly

Microsomal enzyme levels decrease due to aging liver function.
Fat content is increased due to decreased lean body mass.
The number of intact nephrons decreases with age.
Gastric pH is less acidic because of reduced hydrochloric acid production.

Cultural Assessment in Nursing

A cultural assessment includes:
- Use of herbal remedies or traditional medicine.
- Dietary habits and preferences
- Language barriers.
- Religious beliefs.

Drug Polymorphism

Drug polymorphism is influenced by:
- Inherited factors,
- Dietary and nutritional status,
- Cultural practices.

Medication Error Prevention and Response

Nurses have a responsibility to listen to patients' concerns about medications.
If a patient doubts a medication order, nurses should verify the order with the prescriber.
When prescriber handwriting is illegible, the nurse should contact the prescriber for clarification.
Asking a colleague, waiting for the prescriber to return, or querying the patient about home medications does not resolve the issue.

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Description

Explore the key concepts of pharmacokinetics, including bioavailability, intravenous medication effects, and parenteral drug administration. This quiz also covers age-related changes in drug metabolism, particularly in the elderly. Test your understanding of how these factors influence medication effectiveness.