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The British Herbal Pharmacopoeia provides detailed information on the chemical constituents present in crude drugs.
The British Herbal Pharmacopoeia provides detailed information on the chemical constituents present in crude drugs.
False
Taxonomical classification is based on phytogenetical relations in plants.
Taxonomical classification is based on phytogenetical relations in plants.
True
Morphological classification takes into account the chemical nature of the drug.
Morphological classification takes into account the chemical nature of the drug.
False
Morphological classification helps in identifying and detecting adulteration.
Morphological classification helps in identifying and detecting adulteration.
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An example of a simple leaf is Digitalis purpurea.
An example of a simple leaf is Digitalis purpurea.
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Organoleptic properties are irrelevant to the classification of drugs.
Organoleptic properties are irrelevant to the classification of drugs.
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Pharmacological classification arranges drugs based on their appearance and structure.
Pharmacological classification arranges drugs based on their appearance and structure.
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Drugs like digitalis, squill, and strophanthus are classified together due to their anti-inflammatory action.
Drugs like digitalis, squill, and strophanthus are classified together due to their anti-inflammatory action.
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The European Pharmacopoeia is regarded as very scientific and provides insights at the molecular level.
The European Pharmacopoeia is regarded as very scientific and provides insights at the molecular level.
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One disadvantage of morphological classification is the lack of correlation between chemical constituents and therapeutic actions.
One disadvantage of morphological classification is the lack of correlation between chemical constituents and therapeutic actions.
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The family of the plant Rosa canina is Rosaceae.
The family of the plant Rosa canina is Rosaceae.
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The morphological classification includes drugs arranged by the part used and their physical characteristics.
The morphological classification includes drugs arranged by the part used and their physical characteristics.
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Classification based on pharmacological action is the least followed method in pharmacology.
Classification based on pharmacological action is the least followed method in pharmacology.
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The item Adhatoda is classified as an anti-septic drug.
The item Adhatoda is classified as an anti-septic drug.
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All anti-oxidant drugs listed include Guggul and Amla.
All anti-oxidant drugs listed include Guggul and Amla.
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Cinchona and Artemisia are used in the classification of anti-cancer drugs.
Cinchona and Artemisia are used in the classification of anti-cancer drugs.
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Altitude is an important climatic variable for the cultivation of medicinal plants, particularly at levels between 1500 and 2500.
Altitude is an important climatic variable for the cultivation of medicinal plants, particularly at levels between 1500 and 2500.
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Rainfall is not considered a crucial factor for the favorable development of most medicinal plants.
Rainfall is not considered a crucial factor for the favorable development of most medicinal plants.
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The pH range best suited for maximum plant nutrient availability is between 5.5 to 6.5.
The pH range best suited for maximum plant nutrient availability is between 5.5 to 6.5.
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Only desired species can be harvested in cultivated settings, ensuring uniform quality.
Only desired species can be harvested in cultivated settings, ensuring uniform quality.
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Cold temperatures are predominantly required for the cultivation of coffee and tea.
Cold temperatures are predominantly required for the cultivation of coffee and tea.
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Soil quality significantly affects the growth of medicinal plants.
Soil quality significantly affects the growth of medicinal plants.
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Fertilizers are unnecessary for the development and growth of plants.
Fertilizers are unnecessary for the development and growth of plants.
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The collection of undeclared plants during the incorrect season can result in the loss of valuable plant activity.
The collection of undeclared plants during the incorrect season can result in the loss of valuable plant activity.
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Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and calcium are acquired by plants from soil.
Carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, and calcium are acquired by plants from soil.
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Gibberellins promote root growth through cell differentiation.
Gibberellins promote root growth through cell differentiation.
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Auxins are classified as secondary nutrients in plant growth.
Auxins are classified as secondary nutrients in plant growth.
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Ethylene is found in plants as a volatile gas.
Ethylene is found in plants as a volatile gas.
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Calcium is considered a primary essential macro-element for plant growth.
Calcium is considered a primary essential macro-element for plant growth.
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Plant growth regulators can affect physiological processes in high concentrations only.
Plant growth regulators can affect physiological processes in high concentrations only.
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Cytokinins retard the aging process in plants by promoting chlorophyll breakdown.
Cytokinins retard the aging process in plants by promoting chlorophyll breakdown.
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Drugs can be collected from either cultivated or wild plants depending on the growing conditions.
Drugs can be collected from either cultivated or wild plants depending on the growing conditions.
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Fruits are best collected in the winter.
Fruits are best collected in the winter.
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Leaves are collected during the flowering stage.
Leaves are collected during the flowering stage.
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Digitalis contains higher amounts of active constituents in the morning.
Digitalis contains higher amounts of active constituents in the morning.
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Seeds should be collected when the plant is in a dry condition.
Seeds should be collected when the plant is in a dry condition.
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Drugs containing alkaloids are best collected from November to January.
Drugs containing alkaloids are best collected from November to January.
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Roots are collected after the flowering period.
Roots are collected after the flowering period.
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Bark is collected in the fall.
Bark is collected in the fall.
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Medicinal plants should be completely collected by hand.
Medicinal plants should be completely collected by hand.
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Caffeine is an example of a true alkaloid.
Caffeine is an example of a true alkaloid.
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Alkaloids are more abundant in dicots compared to monocots.
Alkaloids are more abundant in dicots compared to monocots.
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Ephedrine is an alkaloid that occurs primarily in fungi.
Ephedrine is an alkaloid that occurs primarily in fungi.
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Plants that produce alkaloids may have a bitterness that helps protect them against herbivores.
Plants that produce alkaloids may have a bitterness that helps protect them against herbivores.
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Cinchona is a plant known for its rich alkaloid content, specifically quinine.
Cinchona is a plant known for its rich alkaloid content, specifically quinine.
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Tobacco is utilized as a source of nitrogen in case of nitrogen deficiency in plants.
Tobacco is utilized as a source of nitrogen in case of nitrogen deficiency in plants.
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The majority of alkaloids are found in the flowering tops of plants.
The majority of alkaloids are found in the flowering tops of plants.
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Cinchonidine and cinchonine are derived from the plant Cinchona.
Cinchonidine and cinchonine are derived from the plant Cinchona.
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Study Notes
Pharmacognosy Overview
- Pharmacognosy is the study of drugs derived from natural sources
- It involves the physical, chemical, and biological aspects of medicinal plants and other natural products
- It's a crucial subject that links the source of drugs with their pharmacological properties
Crude Drugs
- Crude drugs are raw materials extracted from plants
- Crude drugs are categorized based on various factors
Classification of Crude Drugs
- Morphological classification arranges drugs according to their physical characteristics
- Pharmacological classification groups drugs based on their therapeutic effects
- Chemical classification arranges drugs based on the chemical compounds they contain
Methods of Study
- Microscopy—examines the structural components of crude drugs
- Physicochemical methods for identifying the properties of drugs
- Chemical analysis to quantify active compounds
Cultivation, Collection, and Processing
- Cultivation procedures for specific plant species must be tailored
- Collection methods must be chosen based on the desired source quality
- Drying methods preserve the crude components for further processing
Plant Growth Regulators
- Plant growth regulators are important because they control and influence plant development
- Plant growth regulators involve synthetic and natural plant hormones
Time of the Year
- Proper time of the year is critical to harvesting plant parts with maximum potency
- Factors to consider include climate, weather conditions, seasonal growth patterns, and plant maturity
Storage of Crude Drugs
- Proper storage is crucial to preserving the chemical compounds and biological activity of crude drugs
- Storage conditions must control factors such as humidity, temperature, and light
Evaluation of Medicinal Plants
- Thorough plant identification and study are foundational to understanding their properties
- Plant extracts or isolated compounds undergo evaluation in the lab for their therapeutic properties
- Extraction methods, purity, safety, and efficacy are all essential qualities of a medicinally active product
Alkaloids
- Alkaloids are a wide class of compounds containing nitrogen
- Alkaloids are present in various concentrations across different plant parts and species
- Alkaloids can be grouped based on their effects, chemical structures, or other factors
Types of Alkaloids
- True alkaloids are organic bases with nitrogen as part of a heterocyclic ring
- Protoalkaloids have nitrogen as part of a heterocyclic ring but they are not basic
- Pseudoalkaloids do not structurally have a nitrogen in a heterocyclic ring
Occurrence and Distribution of Plant Components
- All parts of plants; roots, stems, flowers, seeds, leaves, bark and fruits may contain medicinal compounds
- Different plant families may exhibit significant amounts of alkaloids in different parts
- Proper identification is critical to ensure quality and safety
Functions of Alkaloids in Plants
- Alkaloids serve as protective compounds that repel insects and herbivores
- They can also act as sources of nitrogen when needed
- Some alkaloids also function as growth regulators within plant metabolic systems
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Description
This quiz dives into the fundamentals of pharmacognosy, the study of drugs derived from natural sources. Explore the classification of crude drugs based on morphological, pharmacological, and chemical properties, as well as the methods used for their study. Gain insight into the cultivation and processing of these vital medicinal materials.
