Pharmacognosy I - Lecture 4
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Questions and Answers

What type of cells primarily make up the pericycle in plants?

  • Collenchyma cells
  • Sclerenchyma cells
  • Thin-walled parenchyma cells (correct)
  • Xylem vessels

    • Which tissues alternate in the arrangement within the vascular cylinder?

  • Xylem and cambium
  • Phloem and xylem (correct)
  • Phloem and cambium
  • Cortex and pith

    • How many layers does the pericycle typically consist of?

  • One layer, rarely more (correct)
  • A continuous layer
  • Two layers at most
  • Three or more layers

    • What structure surrounds the vascular cylinder in plants?

    <p>Pericycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the tissues located in the vascular cylinder?

    <p>Transport of water and nutrients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of plant tissue is characterized as being collenchyma-like in the information provided?

    <p>Hypodermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the tissue that is described as indistinguishable within the context provided.

    <p>Pith</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tissue layer includes the term 'irregularly through the ground' in the description?

    <p>Hypodermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue is mentioned as being well-marked in the context?

    <p>Cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tissues would most likely exhibit sclerenchyma characteristics based on the description given?

    <p>Hypodermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do root hairs play in plant growth?

    <p>They increase the surface area for absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do root hairs contribute to a plant's nutrient uptake?

    <p>By increasing the surface area for absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What essential function do root hairs provide for a plant's development?

    <p>Enhancing water and nutrient absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what manner do root hairs assist in a plant's survival?

    <p>They increase the surface area for water and nutrient absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are root hairs crucial for plant health?

    <p>They contribute to increased surface area for absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are stomata most frequently located on a leaf?

    <p>Lower epidermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mesophyll tissue in leaves?

    <p>Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes trichomes?

    <p>They are hair-like structures found on leaf surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between stomata and epidermis in leaf structure?

    <p>Stomata are less frequent on the upper epidermis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the distribution of trichomes on leaves?

    <p>Trichomes may appear on either side of the leaf.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes the mesophyll cells in monocots?

    <p>They are all alike and not differentiated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the positioning of the main vascular bundle in monocots?

    <p>It is located in the center of the plant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following features is NOT typical of monocot mesophyll cells?

    <p>Presence of palisade and spongy cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the vascular tissue structured in monocots?

    <p>It contains a main vascular bundle at the center.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be inferred about the functionality of mesophyll in monocots?

    <p>Uniform mesophyll structure limits photosynthetic efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue can comprise the bundle sheath in monocots?

    <p>Parenchyma or sclerenchyma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In monocots, what are the supporting tissues located above and below the bundles primarily composed of?

    <p>Fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes bundle sheath tissue in monocots?

    <p>It may consist of either parenchyma or sclerenchyma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural component is typically found within monocots that supports the vascular bundles?

    <p>Fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is true about the bundle sheath in monocots?

    <p>It can be made of several types of cells including fibrous elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Pharmacognosy I - Lecture 4

    • Lecture delivered by Ahmed Elbermawi, PhD
    • Focuses on plant anatomy
    • Covers stomata types (images provided for student identification)
    • Covers vascular bundle types (images provided for student identification)
    • Discusses primary and secondary plant growth
    • Describes the anatomy of primary plant organs (leaves, stems, and roots)

    Stomata

    • Question presented to students (images)
    • Identification of different stomata types is required
    • No further details given

    Vascular Bundles

    • Question presented to students (images)
    • Identification of vascular bundle types is required
    • No further details given

    Plant Anatomy

    • Diagram shows primary plant organs (leaves, stems, and roots) with labeling.
    • Leaves - Photosynthetic system.
    • Stems - Support plant structure, transport nutrients, defending against diseases and predators.
    • Roots - Absorption of water and nutrients, anchoring plant in ground, protection from soil bacteria and fungi.
    • Primary growth - Increases plant length from tips (root and shoots).
    • Secondary growth - Increases plant width or girth from lateral meristems (vascular and cork cambium).

    Root Anatomy

    • Root structure comprises vascular cylinder (stele), ground tissue (cortex), and epidermis (piliferous layer).
    • Root hairs - Increase surface area for absorption, essential for growth and development
    • Root cap - Protects the apical meristem during growth

    Leaf Anatomy

    • Leaf structure organization - different in various parts (midrib, lamina)
    • Epidermis - Single layer on upper and lower surfaces with trichomes and stomata.
    • Ground tissue - Upper to Lower surfaces - composed of palisade mesophyll and spongy mesophyll.
    • Vascular tissue - composed of xylem (located above phloem)
    • Protoxylem - directs towards the upper epidermis.

    Stem Anatomy

    • Dicot stem - Epidermis, a single ring of vascular bundles V.B. arranged in ring around central region pith, Cortex, Pith, pericycle, endodermis, well-marked, hypodermis almost collenchyma
    • Monocot stem - V.B. are scattered irregularly throughout, narrower than dicot stems, Cortex, Pith, pericycle, endodermis are indistinguishable, hypodermis almost sclerenchyma

    Dicot vs. Monocot Comparison

    • Dicot and monocot root/stem and leaf anatomy comparison (table provided).
    • Key differences in structure and arrangement of vascular bundles (V.B)
    • Additional features covered include stomata type, epidermis, pith , palisade and sponge mesophyll and overall types/structures

    Quiz Questions

    • Question on sclereids (location in plant tissue)
    • Question on parenchyma function
    • Question on tracheids vs. fibers
    • Question on dicot stem hypodermis
    • Various multiple-choice questions regarding plant tissue types/functions, root/stem/leaf differences, etc., providing further study material.

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    Related Documents

    Pharmacognosy I Lecture 4 (Anatomy) PDF

    Description

    Explore the intricate world of plant anatomy in this comprehensive quiz from Pharmacognosy I. You will identify various types of stomata and vascular bundles, as well as learn about the anatomy of primary plant organs including leaves, stems, and roots. Test your knowledge of plant growth and physiological functions essential for survival.

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