Podcast
Questions and Answers
Glutamate is the most common ______ neurotransmitter
Glutamate is the most common ______ neurotransmitter
excitatory
GABA is the most widely distributed ______ neurotransmitter
GABA is the most widely distributed ______ neurotransmitter
inhibitory
Acetylcholine is used at the ______ junction
Acetylcholine is used at the ______ junction
neuromuscular
Dopamine is found in the mesostriatal and ______ pathways
Dopamine is found in the mesostriatal and ______ pathways
Norepinephrine is also known as ______
Norepinephrine is also known as ______
Serotonin is also known as ______
Serotonin is also known as ______
Neuropeptides are chains of typically ______ amino acids or more
Neuropeptides are chains of typically ______ amino acids or more
Opioid peptides are ______ by opiate drugs
Opioid peptides are ______ by opiate drugs
The study of how drugs affect the brain is called ______
The study of how drugs affect the brain is called ______
A substance that binds to a receptor is called a ______
A substance that binds to a receptor is called a ______
Agonists have high ______
Agonists have high ______
Partial agonists produce a ______ response regardless of dose
Partial agonists produce a ______ response regardless of dose
Combination of ______ and efficacy determines the overall action of a drug
Combination of ______ and efficacy determines the overall action of a drug
Measuring efficacy and affinity: Dose-response curve (DRC) - graph of the relationship between drug doses and effects. Pharmacodynamics - the functional relationship between drugs and their targets. Comparing DRCs A) Effective Dose 50% (ED50) – dose that shows ______ of its maximal effect
Measuring efficacy and affinity: Dose-response curve (DRC) - graph of the relationship between drug doses and effects. Pharmacodynamics - the functional relationship between drugs and their targets. Comparing DRCs A) Effective Dose 50% (ED50) – dose that shows ______ of its maximal effect
B) A is more ______ than B (lower ED50)
B) A is more ______ than B (lower ED50)
C) A has higher maximal response than B. B is a ______ agonist
C) A has higher maximal response than B. B is a ______ agonist
D) ______
D) ______
Bioavailability: Amount of drug in body that is free to ______
Bioavailability: Amount of drug in body that is free to ______
Bioavailability varies with route of administration PO – ______ SC – subcutaneous IM – intramuscular IV - intravenous
Bioavailability varies with route of administration PO – ______ SC – subcutaneous IM – intramuscular IV - intravenous
Blood-brain barrier (BBB)—tight junctions around blood vessels in the CNS protects the brain from ______ in blood
Blood-brain barrier (BBB)—tight junctions around blood vessels in the CNS protects the brain from ______ in blood
Neurotransmitters are stored in ______
Neurotransmitters are stored in ______
Neurotransmitters are synthesized in ______
Neurotransmitters are synthesized in ______
Neurotransmitters are released when APs reach ______
Neurotransmitters are released when APs reach ______
Neurotransmitters are recognized by receptors on the ______ membrane
Neurotransmitters are recognized by receptors on the ______ membrane
Neurotransmitters evoke changes in a ______ cell
Neurotransmitters evoke changes in a ______ cell
Receptor subtypes can differ in ______ distribution
Receptor subtypes can differ in ______ distribution
Receptor subtypes can work with different ______
Receptor subtypes can work with different ______
Receptor subtypes can respond to multiple ______
Receptor subtypes can respond to multiple ______
Receptor subtypes can interact within/across neuron populations to alter signaling in ______ ways
Receptor subtypes can interact within/across neuron populations to alter signaling in ______ ways
Neurotransmitter (NT) is a(n) ______ chemical specialized for transmitting information between neurons
Neurotransmitter (NT) is a(n) ______ chemical specialized for transmitting information between neurons
Neurotransmitters are stored in ________ terminals
Neurotransmitters are stored in ________ terminals
Metabotropic receptors are also known as ________
Metabotropic receptors are also known as ________
Ionotropic receptors are ________-gated ion channels
Ionotropic receptors are ________-gated ion channels
Opioid receptor mRNA has ________ distribution in the human brain
Opioid receptor mRNA has ________ distribution in the human brain
Receptor subtypes can differ in ________ distribution
Receptor subtypes can differ in ________ distribution
Neurotransmitters are released when ________ reach axon terminals
Neurotransmitters are released when ________ reach axon terminals
Neurotransmitters are recognized by receptors on the ________ membrane
Neurotransmitters are recognized by receptors on the ________ membrane
Neurotransmitters evoke changes in a ________ cell
Neurotransmitters evoke changes in a ________ cell
A given neurotransmitter system can act on many receptor ________
A given neurotransmitter system can act on many receptor ________
Major GABAA receptor ________ have been identified
Major GABAA receptor ________ have been identified
What is the purpose of measuring efficacy and affinity?
What is the purpose of measuring efficacy and affinity?
What is the definition of bioavailability?
What is the definition of bioavailability?
What does the blood-brain barrier (BBB) protect the brain from?
What does the blood-brain barrier (BBB) protect the brain from?
What are nanoparticles used for in relation to the BBB?
What are nanoparticles used for in relation to the BBB?
What is the nickname for nanoparticles?
What is the nickname for nanoparticles?
What is tolerance?
What is tolerance?
What are the two forms of tolerance?
What are the two forms of tolerance?
What happens in metabolic tolerance?
What happens in metabolic tolerance?
What happens in functional tolerance?
What happens in functional tolerance?
What is cross-tolerance?
What is cross-tolerance?
What are the major families of neurotransmitters?
What are the major families of neurotransmitters?
What is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter?
What is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter?
What is the most widely distributed inhibitory neurotransmitter?
What is the most widely distributed inhibitory neurotransmitter?
What are the major receptor families for acetylcholine?
What are the major receptor families for acetylcholine?
What are the two major pathways where dopamine is found?
What are the two major pathways where dopamine is found?
What are the major receptor families for norepinephrine?
What are the major receptor families for norepinephrine?
What are the origins of serotonin?
What are the origins of serotonin?
What is the term for substances that bind to receptors?
What is the term for substances that bind to receptors?
What is the term for drugs that bind to a receptor and do not activate it?
What is the term for drugs that bind to a receptor and do not activate it?
What is the term for the ability of a bound ligand to activate the receptor?
What is the term for the ability of a bound ligand to activate the receptor?
What are the two types of receptors involved in neurotransmission?
What are the two types of receptors involved in neurotransmission?
What are the main characteristics of ionotropic receptors?
What are the main characteristics of ionotropic receptors?
What are the main characteristics of metabotropic receptors?
What are the main characteristics of metabotropic receptors?
How do metabotropic receptors indirectly affect ion channels?
How do metabotropic receptors indirectly affect ion channels?
What is the function of neurotransmitters?
What is the function of neurotransmitters?
What are the criteria for a substance to be considered a neurotransmitter?
What are the criteria for a substance to be considered a neurotransmitter?
How can a given neurotransmitter system act on multiple receptor subtypes?
How can a given neurotransmitter system act on multiple receptor subtypes?
What is the significance of receptor subtypes interacting within/across neuron populations?
What is the significance of receptor subtypes interacting within/across neuron populations?
What is the most widely distributed inhibitory neurotransmitter?
What is the most widely distributed inhibitory neurotransmitter?
What is the function of opioid receptor mRNA in the human brain?
What is the function of opioid receptor mRNA in the human brain?
